Drive belt

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Skateboarding can be a risky endeavor at the best of times, however belt driven boards can be a greater safety risk. When riding on the street, you can often encounter debris in the form of rocks, wire, fabric, string, and plastic, all of which can get caught in the belt system. Once jammed, the belts can break leaving you with lessened or no brakes. In a worst case scenario, the wheels can lock up all together throwing you off. If your board ever loses power, for any reason, you will immediately feel the rolling resistance of belts, and in some cases this is enough to throw a rider off.

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pesticides are two major groups of environmental contaminants which humans are simultaneously exposed to. However, potential mixture interactions of these groups of chemicals are not well-studied. In this study, the effects of binary mixtures of the PAH benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and the commonly used pesticides chlorpyrifos, paraquat and tebuconazole on human liver HepG2 cells were investigated. The results showed that binary mixtures of B[a]P and paraquat or tebuconazole mainly caused additive effects on cell viability and cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1A1) expression compared to single compound exposures. In contrast, the binary mixture with chlorpyrifos interacted antagonistically on cell viability and ROS production, whereas synergistic effects were observed for induction of CYP1A1 expression. B[a]P and chlorpyrifos also inhibited the activity of recombinant human CYP1A1 enzyme. To verify the synergistic in vitro results, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to binary mixtures of B[a]P and chlorpyrifos. The mixtures caused synergistic induction of CYP1A expression, as well as synergistic developmental toxicity on multiple endpoints including non-inflated swim bladder, yolk-sac and pericardial edema, and spinal deformation. The effects were reduced upon morpholino-mediated knockdown of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), indicating an AhR-dependence of the synergistic toxicity. Altogether, these data suggest that the combination of AhR activation and CYP1A1 inhibition is responsible for the underlying non-additive interaction between B[a]P and chlorpyrifos in vitro and in vivo.

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Any board that uses belts and pulleys, adds significant rolling resistance. In practice, this means when rolling, the board can feel as though its braking or slows very quickly. The dot hub motors paired with high performance Abec X bearings, roll in a very similar way to a regular skateboard. Regardless of the top speed, the ability to exceed that is uncapped when hitting a large downhill. A belt driven board will always slow you down when rolling down a hill. Additionally, if you ever run out of battery, kick pushing is made much easier. Dot Boards are also low to the ground, unlike many electric boards and freewheel so well, they feel like a regular board.

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At dot we wanted to keep a very clean looking board as low to the ground as possible. This design allows the board to function as a regular skateboard would. For example, with the Cruiser and Compact, the boards are low to the ground and have a kicktail unencumbered by bulky motors and belts. In practice this means the board can be ollied like a regular board. This is not possible with a belt system, especially with rear mounted motors.

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Keywords: Aryl hydrocarbon receptor; CYP1A1; HepG2 cells; Mixture effects; Pesticide/chlorpyrifos; Zebrafish embryos; benzo[a]pyrene.

Many hub motors lack in this area. That’s why we designed and made our own dot motors to provide an amazing amount of torque and power. With two motors skaters can climb up to a 30% grade hill. The motor design is patent pending and will blow your mind. Don’t take our word for it, find one of our retail demo centers and try one out.

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There are several advantages and disadvantages to both hub motors, and belt driven motors. At dot, we saw that the hub motors had substantially more advantages for what we wanted to design and build. We hope this list helps you make an informed choice when buying your first new board, or adding to your quiver.

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Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Belts get worn and break and it can be a safety issue, but more than that, you have to make sure you always have a supply on hand to make repairs. Swapping out belts mid-ride, can take some time, and it does required tools. With hub motors, there is nothing to replace so they can be more reliable.

One disadvantage of a hub motor is that there is usually less urethane surrounding the motor, which can lead to a firmer, less shock resistant ride. For a belt driven board, you can use a wheel that has a regular amount of urethane giving a smoother ride. For riders of a regular skateboard the feel of a dot board is still smoother than a regular street skate wheel with a street or park formular wheel. For those wanting an even smoother ride, the dot Transporter converts to direct drive, which has the 120mm wheel sitting to the outside edge of the hub. The dot 120mm wheels provide an incredibly smooth ride and as a bonus increase top speed, significantly.

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