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S. B. Prakalya, Samuthira Pandi V, S. Sujatha, R. Thangam, D. Karunkuzhali and G. Keerthiga, “A Novel Fuzzy-based Spectrum Allocation (FBSA) Technique for Enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) in 6G Heterogeneous Networks” International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications(IJACSA), 15(6), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150690

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Author 1: S. B. Prakalya Author 2: Samuthira Pandi V Author 3: S. Sujatha Author 4: R. Thangam Author 5: D. Karunkuzhali Author 6: G. Keerthiga

@article{Prakalya2024, title = {A Novel Fuzzy-based Spectrum Allocation (FBSA) Technique for Enhanced Quality of Service (QoS) in 6G Heterogeneous Networks}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications}, doi = {10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150690}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2024.0150690}, year = {2024}, publisher = {The Science and Information Organization}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, author = {S. B. Prakalya and Samuthira Pandi V and S. Sujatha and R. Thangam and D. Karunkuzhali and G. Keerthiga} }

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Hybrid bearings use steel rings and ceramic (usually silicon nitride) balls. This combination means that hybrid bearings can run at higher speeds due to the more forgiving nature of steel and the lower centrifugal force generated by the lightweight ceramic balls but they are limited in terms of corrosion resistance and extreme temperature capability by the material of the rings.

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Abstract: This research focuses on Device to Any device (D2A) communication for 6G in unpredictable circumstances where the topology of the D2A network changes over time as a result of the mobility of D2A Devices. Extremely sophisticated applications with demands for ultra-low latency and ultra-high data rate can be made achievable by cellular D2A communications in 6G. The best way to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) is to make the most of the scarce MAC Layer resources. To share information between D2A systems and a variety of devices, spectrum allocation is crucial. In this paper, a novel Fuzzy Based Spectrum Allocation (FBSA) approach is established to efficiently and rational distribute resources for D2A. A system model for D2A transmission has been established for metropolitan regions, common security and non-secure services are implemented in the network to assess the network performance for this feasible technique. Comparing the proposed FBSA approach to its prior works, which could not deliver guaranteed services due to low resource utilization. Riverbed Modeler simulation results show that the proposed approach can significantly enhance resource usage and satisfy the requirements of D2A systems.

Full ceramic bearings can run without lubrication. Because of the ceramic balls, hybrid bearings cope well with marginal lubrication but they should be adequately lubricated as the ceramic balls will abrade the steel rings much faster if run dry unless speeds are kept low.

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Shock or sudden impact loads should be avoided with both full ceramic bearings and hybrid bearings. The steel rings in a hybrid bearing will withstand shock loads much better than ceramic rings but, in the event of a sudden impact load, the much harder ceramic balls will make indentations in the steel raceways leading to rapid wear and early failure.

Full ceramic bearings have excellent corrosion resistance and can cope with very extreme temperatures but due to the more brittle nature of ceramics, the maximum speed is 20% to 25% of the all steel equivalent due to the risk of sudden failure caused by cracking at higher speeds. The maximum load of a full ceramic bearing is around 65 to 75 percent of the load that a steel bearing can support.

Copyright Statement: This is an open access article licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, even commercially as long as the original work is properly cited.

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