Put your engineering skills to the test to see if you can build a machine—powered by nothing but gravity—that will automatically sort out two different sizes of plastic spheres. That might seem like a strange task, but have you ever used a coin sorter to separate pennies, nickels, dimes, and quarters? How about using a sifter in the kitchen to separate fine grains of flour or sugar from bigger lumps? Machines that can automatically sort objects or particles of different sizes are used in many applications; for example, in the mining industry to separate valuable gems and minerals from rocks and dirt. Looking for inspiration? You can see how other students have tackled this and other annual Science Buddies Engineering Challenges.

You can find this page online at: https://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-fair-projects/project-ideas/ApMech_p051/mechanical-engineering/marble-machine

The goal of the 2016 Engineering Challenge is to design and build a gravity-powered sphere-sorting machine that can separate 6 mm and 12 mm diameter spheres using a specific list of materials. Following the guidelines on this page, you will calculate a score for your machine based on how quickly it can properly sort spheres and the amount of materials you use. Watch this video for a complete overview of the challenge.

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A marble sorting machine uses gravity to separate marbles of different weights. Scaffolding made from popsicle sticks holds a piece of paper that will funnel materials onto a hinged ramp. On either side of the hinged ramp there is a plastic cup. When a heavy marble strikes the ramp it will rotate on the hinge and deposit the marble into a cup on one end. When a lighter marble strikes the ramp the ramp will not rotate and the marble will fall into a cup on the other end.

In this project, your goal is to build a gravity-powered marble sorting machine that can sort large and small plastic spheres (representing rocks and gems, respectively), like the ones shown in Figures 1 and 2. You will start out with a cup containing a mix of two different size spheres, pour them into the machine, and the machine should sort them into two separate cups. Keep in mind that the machines in Figures 1 and 2 are just two examples of how you could approach the task. They are not necessarily the "best" methods, and you might come up with your own design that is more creative or works better. In order to enter your design in the 2016 Engineering Challenge, you must pick from a limited list of materials to build your machine, follow a set of rules (outlined in the Procedure), and calculate a score for your machine. Continue on to the Materials section to gather the items you will need for this project.

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Sorting machines come in all shapes and sizes, ranging from tiny toy coin sorters to huge industrial sifting machines used in food processing or mining. Regardless of what exactly they sort, they all have something in common: they automate a task that would be very difficult, or even impossible, for humans to do! It is not such a big deal to sort a few dollars' worth of change or to use a hand sifter for a cup of flour. What if you worked at a bank and had to sort thousands of coins, or at a food processing factory dealing with thousands of pounds of flour? Then it would certainly help to have a machine do the work.

The same is true in the mining industry. Early miners would use a manual process, called panning to separate gold nuggets from dirt and sand in a pan. Modern industrial mines use a variety of automated processes to separate valuable gems and minerals from dirt and other rocks. Some sorting systems use complex electrical sensors, for example, to measure whether a metal is magnetic or how reflective it is, in order to sort them. Others use mechanical methods like screening, where particles fall through screens with different-sized holes. Particles with a smaller diameter fall down through the screens, while larger particles stay on top. Some systems use bursts of compressed air to blow away lighter materials, while materials with a higher density remain in place. Many times, these mechanical sorters are powered by motors, but simple systems are powered only by gravity.

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You are free to use any materials you would like for this project. However, If you want to compare your results to those of other students who did the 2016 Engineering Challenge, you can only use the materials listed below. Each item has a maximum quantity allowed per team (teams can be a single individual or multiple people), and a point cost that will be deducted from your final score (see the Procedure for details). Note that the cardboard base, tape and glue are "free" materials with no point cost.

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The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs) are a blueprint to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.

Note: these variations are suggestions for students doing a regular science fair project. They are not eligible for the 2016 Engineering Challenge.

In order to qualify for the 2016 Engineering Challenge, you must follow all of these building rules. Entries that do not follow these rules will be disqualified. (Note: Rules for when and how to enter can be found at Marble Machine Challenge - 2016 Engineering Challenge .)

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To calculate your score, you can use the equation above, or use this paper scoring sheet or Excel score sheet to help you with the calculation.

Here are two videos that show homemade coin sorters. Although they sort coins and not plastic spheres, you may be able to apply some of the same principles to your sphere-sorting machine.

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When building your machine, you can test it and modify your design as many times as you would like. You can always re-test to try and get a higher score. There is no limit on the number of tests you can do, but you can only submit one score for the contest. When you are ready to do an official test to calculate your score, follow these steps:

The 2016 Engineering Challenge is a good chance for students to learn about or practice the engineering design process. To use the engineering design process for this project, follow these steps:

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