Wheel bearings are steel balls, held together by a metal ring called the race. The work of these balls is to reduce the friction while the wheel is spinning. Used in every vehicle from bicycles to airplanes, these components in the car are equipped on a metal axle shaft inside the hub. This hub is located at the center of the wheel which helps in bolting the tire onto the wheel. And, the bearings are fitted into the hub from the back of the wheel.

If a load acts eccentrically, the bearing is subjected to tilting moments. In addition to double row deep groove ball bearings and angular contact ball bearings, suitable bearings in this case are in particular the single row angular contact ball bearings or tapered roller bearings matched in and X or O arrangement ➤ Figure.

In ➤ Figure, the tilting moment produced by the eccentrically acting force F is supported by a double row deep groove ball bearing.

Four point contact bearing, axial bearing (the outer ring must not be radially retained if the bearing is subjected to purely axial load)

The rigidity of a rolling bearing is determined by the type, bearing size and operating clearance. The rigidity increases with the number of rolling elements supporting the load. A particularly high level of system rigidity is the objective, for example in main spindle bearing arrangements and rotary table bearing arrangements in machine tools and in pinion bearing arrangements.

For small shaft diameters, suitable bearings are ball bearings – especially deep groove ball bearings – and needle roller bearings. Where large diameters are present, the bearings available are cylindrical, tapered, spherical and toroidal roller bearings, as well as deep groove ball bearings, but not excluding needle roller bearings.

In addition to the introduction and dissipation of heat, the decisive factor for the operating temperature of a bearing arrangement is bearing friction. Bearings with particularly low friction include open deep groove ball bearings, single row angular contact ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings with cage under radial load ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. Comparatively high friction is generated in bearings with contact seals, full complement cylindrical roller bearings and axial roller bearings.

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Suitable bearings are deep groove ball bearings, four point contact bearings, single and double row angular contact ball bearings, spherical roller bearings and single row tapered roller bearings ➤ Figure. Self-aligning ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings NJ (semi-locating bearing) and NU (locating bearing) + L-section ring HJ (= semi-locating bearing unit) ➤ Figure can also be used.

The aim of the following descriptions is to assist the designer. They make reference to factors that play a primary role in the selection of the bearing type. More precise data on the individual bearing types, their characteristics and the available designs can be found in the specific product chapters.Criteria for selection of bearing type

If the contact surface in the housing is not perpendicular to the rotational axis of the bearing, the angular defect can be compensated by means of axial deep groove ball bearings with a spherical housing locating washer and support washer ➤ Figure.

Bearings suitable as non-locating bearings for compensations with the bearing include, in particular, cylindrical roller bearings NU and N with one ribless ring (inner or outer ring), cylindrical roller bearings NJ, some designs of full complement cylindrical roller bearings (SI bearings), needle roller bearings and toroidal roller bearings ➤ Figure.

Misalignments and angular defects can be compensated within certain limits by means of self-aligning rolling bearings (see product chapter). These include bearings such as barrel roller bearings, spherical roller bearings, self-aligning ball bearings, toroidal roller bearings and axial spherical roller bearings ➤ Figure. These bearings have a concave outer ring raceway in which the inner ring together with the rolling element set can swivel.

The rigidity of roller bearings is higher, due to the contact conditions between the rolling elements and raceways (line contact), than the rigidity of ball bearings.

In small electrical devices, such as office equipment or household appliances, low running noise is often required. Deep groove ball bearings are particularly suitable for such requirements ➤ Figure. A noise evaluation of the series is permitted by means of the Schaeffler Noise Index ➤ link. It is advantageous to apply axial adjustment to the bearings, for example by means of disc springs.

Before moving ahead, it’s important to note that not every vehicle has scanners embedded in it. Therefore, cars having ABS sensors can actually make use of this technology. Usually, the latest manufactured cars have this technology.

If skewing occurs between the shaft and housing – for example if bearing seats are not aligned, the shaft deforms under load or the bearing positions are a considerable distance apart – this must be compensated by means of suitable bearings (self-aligning bearings). Misalignments should also be expected if individual housings, such as plummer block or flanged housings, are used. Similar effects (alignment inaccuracies of the bearing positions) are caused by angular defects between the radial seating surface and the lateral contact surface of a rolling bearing ring.

Axial deep groove ball bearings cannot support tumbling motion of the shaft and therefore react with high sensitivity to angular defects.

Ball Bearing Size Chart. Part Number. Inner Dia. Outer Dia. Width. Width,. Inner race. 1623NSL. 0.625". 1.375". 11. 1630-2RS. 0.75". 1.625". 0.5". 1638-2RS.

The self-alignment facility of cylindrical, tapered and needle roller bearings is smaller than that of deep groove ball bearings. The transverse form of the rolling elements and raceways of these roller bearings is designed such that, at the stated adjustment angles, the load on the material at the rolling contact is still uniform enough that the basic rating life is not impaired.

Where angular defects are larger than those indicated in the product chapters, rollers and needle rollers are no longer subjected uniformly to load over their full length. As a result, unacceptably high edge pressures may occur.

The highest speeds are achieved by single row bearings with particularly low friction. Under pure radial load, these are open deep groove ball bearings, while under combined load they are angular contact ball bearings ➤ Figure.

In many applications, it is frequently the case that one of the main dimensions of the rolling bearing is fixed by the overall design of the machine or piece of equipment. Due to the strength specifications of the shaft, this is generally the bore diameter of the bearing.

In every vehicle, wheel bearings are accompanied by the wheel and are also moving constantly. While driving, the wheels are touching the road, therefore there could be a wide range of reasons that make the wheel bearings produce bad sound. Here are 5 common reasons for sounds of bad wheel bearing.

SKFbearing selectionchart

Axial loads present in one direction only can be supported by single row angular contact ball bearings and tapered roller bearings, cylindrical roller bearings NJ as well as NU + HJand axial spherical roller bearings. For alternating load directions, these bearings must always be mounted with a second bearing (the second bearing must provide support in the opposing direction). For mounting in sets, single row angular contact ball bearings as universal bearings and matched tapered roller bearing sets comprising two single bearings are available.

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If the design envelope is small in an axial direction, the bearings suitable for bearing positions subjected to radial and axial load are certain series of cylindrical roller bearings  – e. g. semi-locating bearings NJ in conjunction with deep groove ball bearings or combined needle roller bearings ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure.

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Bearings that are not self-retaining simplify the mounting and dismounting of bearings, since the bearing parts can be mounted individually. This is also an advantage if both rings have a tight fit. Separable bearings include four point contact bearings, double row angular contact ball bearings with a split inner ring, certain cylindrical roller bearings, tapered roller bearings, axial deep groove ball bearings, axial spherical roller bearings, axial cylindrical roller bearings and certain needle roller bearings ➤ Figure.

Double row deep groove ball bearings cannot undergo angular motion. When using these bearings, therefore, misalignments are not permissible.

For this step, you need to raise the car from the front by supporting it safely on the jack stand; with the rear tires blocked off. This latter action is necessary to prevent the vehicle from moving behind. Now let’s start diagnosing the front wheel bearing and make sure that’s the source of the problem.

If the axial load component is too high, the axial load can also be supported by means of a separate bearing. In addition to a pure axial bearing, radial bearings – e. g. deep groove ball bearings and cylindrical roller bearings ➤ Figure or four point contact bearings capable of supporting axial forces in both directions – can be used.

Ballbearing selection

Hence, these are the three easy methods, which can help in checking the bad wheel bearing sound. And later, can help you in following the maintenance tips for the same.

Radial insert ball bearings and aligning needle roller bearings have a crowned (spherical) outer ring outside surface and can align themselves on the concave mating surface after mounting ➤ Figure. These bearings are suitable for static adjustment motions. They must not, however, be used for dynamic adjustment motions, oscillating motions etc.

If the bearing arrangement is under axial load only, suitable bearings are axial needle roller and axial cylindrical roller and cage assemblies, axial needle roller and axial cylindrical roller bearings and axial deep groove ball bearings with a small axial section height ➤ Figure.

Before taking the car to the nearest mechanic store, let’s learn the three different methods to check the wheel bearing and see if it’s bad.

For this, you need a device such as an OBD2 scanner (a kind of Bluetooth device), providing all the information related to the vehicle’s configuration and the present status of its components. To check the status of the wheel bearing, connect the device to the tab/computer. Then, enter the defined code of the wheel bearing on the tab’s screen and confirm its status.

A shaft is normally supported using a locating bearing and a non-locating bearing. The locating bearing gives tight axial guidance of the shaft in both directions. Non-locating bearings can be displaced in an axial direction and thus prevent the locating bearing and non-locating bearing from bracing against each other. In this way, non-locating bearings compensate for changes in axial length and thermal elongation ➤ Figure.

In general, the highest speed achievable by rolling bearings is determined by the permissible operating temperature. This is dependent on the frictional heat generated in the bearing, the heat introduced from external sources and the heat dissipated from the bearing arrangement. When conditions are in equilibrium, the bearing temperature is constant.

Here, it is pivotal to note that this sound may appear to be coming from the tires or windowpane but actually the problem’s source lies with the wheel bearing. The biggest difference one can notice is that the car with the good wheel bearings doesn’t produce a howling or grinding noise like the one with the bad bearings.

If low to moderate pure axial loads are present, suitable bearings are axial deep groove ball bearings and four point contact bearings ➤ Figure. If axial load in one direction is present, single direction axial deep groove ball bearings can be used.

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For most applications, the normal dimensional and running accuracy of rolling bearings is sufficient (tolerance class Normal). Where there are increased demands on running accuracy and in bearing arrangements with very high speeds, such as in the case of main spindles for machine tools, bearings with increased accuracy are necessary.

If the four point contact bearing is to be used as an axial bearing only, the outer ring must have radial clearance in the housing.

Where the requirements for running accuracy are low, adapter and extraction sleeves can be used to locate self-aligning ball bearings, barrel roller bearings and spherical roller bearings with a tapered bore on a cylindrical shaft seat in particular ➤ Figure. The mounting and dismounting of such bearing arrangements is particularly simple.

Another reason cause bad wheel bearing noise is driving on a flooded street. If you drive your vehicle on a street that is flooded with water, your wheel bearings will be subjected to moisture. Moisture will mix with lubricant then makes the lubricant work ineffectively, causing damage to the wheel bearings. In this case, you can not service or repair a modern-style wheel bearing. According to auto experts, the only solution for damage caused by water is replacing the wheel bearing.

If moderate to high axial loads in one direction are present, the bearings available are axial needle roller bearings, axial cylindrical roller bearings, axial tapered roller bearings and axial spherical roller bearings ➤ Figure. Axial cylindrical roller bearings or axial spherical roller bearings arranged adjacent to each other in pairs are suitable for high axial loads of alternating direction.

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SKFbearing selectionpdf

Bearings with a tapered bore can be mounted directly on a tapered shaft seat, for example in the case of single row and double row cylindrical roller bearings of a high precision variant. During mounting of these bearings, the radial internal clearance can be set to a defined value.

The wheel system can work steadily based on its wheel bearing, lower joint, lower arm, tire, and shock. If you drive your car with unbalanced tires, some of those other parts will be broken and cause bad wheel bearing symptoms.

Wheel bearings are connected to the wheel, therefore if the wheel area is damaged, the wheel bearing will be damaged and then cause bad wheel bearing noise.

If radial loads (so-called transverse forces) are present – these are forces perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shaft – bearings are used that support exclusively or predominantly radial forces, which are therefore radial ball bearings and radial roller bearings.

The bearing size is normally determined by the external load ➤ Figure. In selection of the bearing, it must be noted that roller bearings can be subjected to higher loads due to the line contact than ball bearings of the same size.

Bad wheel bearing noise is a common problem that can significantly impact the safety and performance of a vehicle. Identifying and addressing wheel bearing issues promptly is crucial to ensure the continued functioning of the vehicle and avoid potential accidents or further damage. We hope that the article will be useful for you.

Firstly, grab the tire from two ends in the three and nine o’clock position and shake it back and forth. If while shaking the wheel you can hear a certain noise, this indicates the bad wheel bearing. Next, to ensure that it’s the bad wheel bearing sound and not the bad wheel run, repeat the same process by holding the tire in the twelve and six o’clock positions. During this diagnosing procedure, also keep a check on the components behind the wheel. As it would ensure that, the problem is not with any other part but the wheel bearing only.

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If mainly axial forces are present – these are forces in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shaft – bearings are used that support exclusively or predominantly axial forces.

Even if you have replaced your wheel bearings with new ones, you still hear some bad wheel bearing noise. The only conclusion is that the wheel bearings make bad sounds because they were installed in the wrong way (not following the manufacturer’s recommendation).

While you drive your car, the wheel bearing of your car will receive all the pressure of the wheel and tire. Therefore, if you drive over a pothole or a bumpy curb, there will be more pressure on your wheel bearing which causes it damaged very easily. While driving, hitting something is a risk that you can not avoid, which leads to more force on the balls of the wheel bearing. This will result in small imperfections in the wheel bearings. Driving a car with these faulty bearings for a long period will more heat and wear to form. Debris will be created from the wear and then will pollute the lubricant of the wheel bearing, making the wheel bearing fail more faster.

A load carrying capacity of approximately the same magnitude can be achieved both with bearings that are narrow and have a large outside diameter and also with bearings that are wide and have a smaller outside diameter.

The axial load carrying capacity of a bearing is determined by the nominal contact angle α. The greater this angle, the higher the axial load carrying capacity of the bearing. An indication of its axial load carrying capacity is also provided by the bearing-specific axial load factor Y in the product tables; the smaller this factor, the higher the axial load capacity.

Non-separable bearings such as deep groove ball bearings and spherical roller bearings can also be used as non-locating bearings. However, one of the two bearing rings must then have a loose fit and must not be in axial contact, so that the relevant ring can be displaced on the seating surface ➤ Figure.

Cylindrical roller bearings  N and NU, needle roller and cage assemblies, drawn cup needle roller bearings with open ends, needle roller bearings and toroidal roller bearings can support radial forces only ➤ Figure.

Schaeffler produces a multitude of bearing types, from which the designer can choose the one that best suits his needs. Due to the variety of applications and the different influences on the bearing position, it is not, however, possible to give generally applicable rules here for the selection of the bearing type. When deciding on a specific bearing type, it is often necessary to weigh up several criteria.

Deep groove ball bearings, single row angular contact ball bearings, self‑aligning ball bearings, barrel roller bearings and spherical roller bearings are not generally separable.

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Additionally, to know which side of the wheel bearing is damaged turn the vehicle gently. For instance, if the car after turning left produces little less sound this means, the problem lies with the right side bearings, and vice-versa.

In deep groove ball bearings, misalignments lead to unfavourable running of the balls and induce additional loads in the bearing that shorten the operating life of the bearing. In order to keep these loads at a low level, only small adjustment angles are therefore permitted as a function of the load for single row deep groove ball bearings.

To hear the sound of the wheel bearing, you need to drive your car above the speed of 30mph. And, at this time, you can notice that as you drive faster the noise of the bad or damaged wheel bearing increases.

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While driving, do you hear the growling, howling, or sometimes the grinding noise, which increases with the vehicle’s speed? If that’s a yes, then you must know that most of the time it’s the damaged wheel bearing making noise.  “Wheel Bearing- What is that?” – If you have the same question in mind, then let’s first learn about it. Followed by which, you can then comprehend and practice the ways to diagnose the bad wheel bearing noise.

If the design envelope is restricted in a radial direction – for example in high performance gearboxes for vehicles – bearings with a small cross-sectional height such as roller and needle roller and cage assemblies, drawn cup needle roller bearings with or without an inner ring, are particularly suitable ➤ Figure. These bearings have high radial load carrying capacity due to the line contact with low section height.