How to clean skateboard bearingswith isopropyl alcohol

I give them a good scrubbing with a toothbrush, shake them in the alcohol and repeat until they are clean. Then I towel dry them to get rid of the excess moisture.

Now, what advantage does pulling the crown out have over simply taking the rubber shields off of the outside for cleaning? I know I’m a skateboarder, through and through, but I’ve never seen it done that way.

**EDITED TO ADD Talk to your local skateboard shop tech guy for more information about cleaning bearings! They skate in way more dirty/nasty areas than we generally travel too and are a wealth of information! They also sell fancy cleaning containers to help clean your bearings more effectively!

The first time I washed my bearings I used soap and water. I let them soak too long and the little balls were literally rusting before my eyes. If you’re going to use water, make sure you have a way to dry them FAST! When I saw them rusting, I panicked and grabbed my hair dryer and frantically started blow drying them on the hottest setting. Don’t do that either because it kinda shrinks the outside rubber shield which helps hold your bearings together. If you have a hair dryer with a cool setting and want to try that out, go for it. More about drying your bearings below.

One of my teammates told me to not wash the crowns with chemicals or rubbing alcohol as it can break down the plastic. I don’t know if it’s true or not, but now I give them a warm soapy water bath and get the dirty grunge of lube and dirt off with a toothbrush, while I let my bearings soak in the alcohol. Then I rinse them in water. To finish the crowns, I give them a quick rinse in the rubbing alcohol, to ensure any leftover residue is gone, then towel dry.

Hello again, Do you think its good if i just use the bearing without the crown? i mean, keep only the rubber shield side. (inside wheel of course). I use Bones Ceramics. TY

My local skateboard shop keeps old bearings at their repair table. They may be willing to give/sell for cheap bearing parts as my shop has given me old bearings (to make jewellery) in the past.

In Chesapeake Bay (now in Maryland and Virginia, United States), researchers found large temperature excursions (changes from the mean temperature of that time) during the MWP (about 950–1250) and the Little Ice Age (about 1400–1700, with cold periods persisting into the early 20th century), which are possibly related to changes in the strength of North Atlantic thermohaline circulation.[34] Sediments in Piermont Marsh of the lower Hudson Valley show a dry MWP from 800 to 1300.[35] In the Hammock River marsh in Connecticut, salt marshes extended 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) farther westward than they do in the present due to higher sea levels.[36]

This idea’s great, but what if you can’t remove the housing on your bearings? Can you put the entire bearing + housing in alcohol, shake it, then lube them when they’re dry?

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Metal Bearings with a non-removable pressed in shield CAN be removed. It requires a verrrry small flat head screw driver.

Hello! I used this method awhile ago and I LOVED it. Would you be ok with me posting this to http://www.sorda.ca and crediting you? Its fantastic.

late tenth to early thirteenth centuries (about 950–1250 CE) appear to have been exceptionally warm in western Europe, Iceland and Greenland.

Medieval Warm Period around 1000 CE (which may not have been global) and the Little Ice Age which ended only in the middle to late nineteenth century.

Late to the party here, but thanks for the writeup – it’s better than most I’ve seen. A few things though: 1) I agree with a previous commenter – there’s generally no need to remove the crown, unless your bearings are dirtier than you should ever let them get. The solvent, with some agitation, generally gets between the crown and the bearings and does its job. 2) Really, really avoid paint thinner and other similar solvents. They do a great job, but as you pointed out, they’re hard on the skin. They also evaporate and then condense on stuff in your house – if you’ve ever used Varsol inside, then noticed that smell again days later when you use something like a toaster or an electric stove, you’ll know what I mean. I no longer use the stuff. 3) Really, really try to get the 99% isopropyl alcohol. In my experience, water can sometimes put a patina of rust on bearings no matter how careful you are, and the other 30% of that ‘alcohol’ is water. 4) Mix your 99% alcohol with a bit of oil, (motor oil, gear oil, 3-in-1 oil, etc) at a ratio of about 9 parts alcohol to 1 part oil. Alcohol is hydrophilic, so it attracts water. It also evaporates fast, which means it cools the bearings, and moisture can condense on them. But adding oil leaves behind as a thin film that helps prevent rust. 5) If you don’t or can’t clean your bearings often enough, lube with good grease instead of oil. It’s not gonna slow you down – how long your wheels roll when you spin them with your hand is NOT a good indication of how well they roll when you’re skating. But the grease DOES tend to trap some grit BEFORE it gets to the bearing surfaces – and that grit shortens the bearing life. (Grease can be harder to clean out, so I only use it when I know my bearings are going to get extra dirty, like if I’m skating outdoors). 6) Relating to point 3 – don’t use water to clean your bearings! I’m an electronics technologist, and I use water to clean circuit boards all the time, so this isn’t a ‘Water! Oh noes!’ reaction. I used it on bearings once, and saw that patina of rust I mentioned form really fast. You might be OK using water, but you might not. Alcohol is 5 bucks a bottle, and even crap bearings are 20 bucks a set – using water isn’t worth the risk.

A reconstruction, based on ice cores, found that the MWP could be distinguished in tropical South America from about 1050 to 1300 and was followed in the 15th century by the LIA. Peak temperatures did not rise as to the level of the late 20th century, which were unprecedented in the area during the study period of 1600 years.[54]

In far eastern Russia, continental regions experienced severe floods during the MWP while nearby islands experienced less precipitation leading to a decrease in peatland. Pollen data from this region indicates an expansion of warm climate vegetation with an increasing number of broadleaf and decreasing number of coniferous forests.[63]

Iceland was first settled between about 865 and 930, during a time believed to be warm enough for sailing and farming.[21][22] By retrieval and isotope analysis of marine cores and from examination of mollusc growth patterns from Iceland, Patterson et al. reconstructed a stable oxygen (δ18 O) and carbon (δ13 C) isotope record at a decadal resolution from the Roman Warm Period to the MWP and the LIA.[23] Patterson et al. conclude that the summer temperature stayed high but winter temperature decreased after the initial settlement of Iceland.[23]

I don’t have a bearing pull, but I read thar you can remove your bearings by putting your wheels in your trucks and wiggling them. I tried it, and it worked with the back bearings, but now I still have one bearing in each wheel. Do you know of another way to get them out without a bearing pull?

Sea surface temperatures in the Arabian Sea increased during the MWP, owing to a strong monsoon.[71] During the MWP, the Arabian Sea exhibited heightened biological productivity.[72] The Arabian Peninsula, already extremely arid in the present day, was even drier during the MWP. Prolonged drought was a mainstay of the Arabian climate until around 660 BP, when this hyperarid interval was terminated.[73]

Corals in the tropical Pacific Ocean suggest that relatively cool and dry conditions may have persisted early in the millennium, which is consistent with a La Niña-like configuration of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation patterns.[50]

Last week I went ahead and cleaned 2 full sets of bearings on my own. Without the distraction of lube, fumes and nail polish, I figured I would document how I do it and share with y’all.

Palaeoclimatologists developing region-specific climate reconstructions of past centuries conventionally label their coldest interval as "LIA" and their warmest interval as the "MWP".[12][14] Others follow the convention, and when a significant climate event is found in the "LIA" or "MWP" timeframes, they associate their events to the period. Some "MWP" events are thus wet events or cold events, rather than strictly warm events, particularly in central Antarctica, where climate patterns that are opposite to those of the North Atlantic have been noticed.

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Edited to add (Dec. 23, 2011) Below is a great video that explains in detail how to clean bearings. Some of his techniques are different than what I outline, so you can choose what works best for you!

Before you take apart your bearings you should wipe all surface dirt away with a towel. My bearings have removable crowns on the back. You must be careful when removing them to avoid cracking or breaking the shield. I use a small eyeglass screwdriver to gently pry the crown off the back.

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There are many different styles of bearings on the market and how you take them apart varies. The bearings shown above have an easy-to-remove crown. However if you also remove the rubber shield on the other side, the little balls will fall out and roll all over your floor. Don’t do that if you have these types of bearings. A commenter below said that with these types of bearings its usually easier to remove the rubber shield and keep the crown in place. So do what works best for you. (Thanks to Rink Rolled for the info)

Keeping your bearings cleaned and maintained is a good way to extend the life of your bearings which in turn, helps you save money. Make sure you give yourself a couple of hours to do this process and it’s way more fun doing it in groups.

No! This is a horrible idea. Please do not do this! One of the skaters in our league did that and she compleatly lost her wheels. Without the crown the ball bearings will fall right out. At best you will ruin your expensive bearings, at worst you will seriously hurt yourself. I have heard of people leaving the rubber shield side off so they can easily service thier bearings, but never leave the crown off.

Bearings that are fully encased in metal, aren’t able to be taken apart to be cleaned (to my knowledge). But Rink Rolled says this… “Bearings with metal shields can be cleaned (except cheap sealed ones). Metal shields are held into place with a metal C-ring along the outside of the bearing. The C-ring can be removed with a pin and the shield will come right off.”

The era of warmer temperatures became known as the Medieval Warm Period and the subsequent cold period the Little Ice Age (LIA). However, the view that the MWP was a global event was challenged by other researchers. The IPCC First Assessment Report of 1990 discussed the:[10]

How to cleanroller skatebearings

Please be aware they shield will not ever go back on – only remove one and place bearings into clean wheels with the open side facing the middle.

Substantial glacial retreat in southern Europe was experienced during the MWP. While several smaller glaciers experienced complete deglaciation, larger glaciers in the region survived and now provide insight into the region's climate history.[30] In addition to warming induced glacial melt, sedimentary records reveal a period of increased flooding, coinciding with the MWP, in eastern Europe that is attributed to enhanced precipitation from a positive phase NAO.[31] Other impacts of climate change can be less apparent such as a changing landscape. Preceding the MWP, a coastal region in western Sardinia was abandoned by the Romans. The coastal area was able to substantially expand into the lagoon without the influence of human populations and a high stand during the MWP. When human populations returned to the region, they encountered a land altered by climate change and had to reestablish ports.[32] In the Iberian Central Range, there was elevated lake productivity and soil erosion, along with frequent intense runoff events.[33]

Two set screws 120° apart in inner ring lock unit securely to shaft. Features one-piece cast iron housing, solid base, wide inner ring bearing, dual heavy-duty ...

Gently place it flat on a solid surface, place the screw driver in the small crack between the inner ring and bearing shield. Be cautious to stay “shallow” so you do not wreck your inner mechanisms.

I just found this via a google search – exactly what I was looking for. I am thinking of pulling out my skates which have been in storage for a while and could not remember what I had to do to clean and lube the wheels!!!

Global temperature records taken from ice cores, tree rings, and lake deposits have shown that the Earth may have been slightly cooler globally (by 0.03 °C or 0.1 °F) than in the early and the mid-20th century.[12][13]

The MWP has been noted in Chile in a 1500-year lake bed sediment core,[52] as well as in the Eastern Cordillera of Ecuador.[53]

The best way is to get a bearing pusher/puller. Most multi-use skate tools have them. Below is a video of how to get them out. It’s sort of a wiggling/round-and-round motion. It’s easiest to pull from the back of the wheel, then push your tool through the middle of your wheel to pop the other one through and out.

The onset of the MWP in the Southern Ocean lagged the MWP's onset in the North Atlantic by approximately 150 years.[47] A sediment core from the eastern Bransfield Basin, in the Antarctic Peninsula, preserves climatic events from both the LIA and the MWP. The authors noted, "The late Holocene records clearly identify Neoglacial events of the LIA and Medieval Warm Period (MWP)."[48] Some Antarctic regions were atypically cold, but others were atypically warm between 1000 and 1200.[49]

If you use paint thinner, that stuff evaporates very quickly. Other cleaners may need a little help to dry before the bearings start to rust. If I can’t find 99% rubbing alcohol and use a lower percentage, I use canned air and give them a blow to make sure. But if you’re lucky to know someone who owns a mini air compressor, that’s a cheaper alternative. Give them a good blow to ensure all moisture is out of the bearing.

The Mann et al. study found warmth exceeding 1961–1990 levels in southern Greenland and parts of North America during the MWP, which the study defines as from 950 to 1250, with warmth in some regions exceeding temperatures of the 1990–2010 period.[20] Much of the Northern Hemisphere showed a significant cooling during the LIA, which the study defines as from 1400 to 1700, but Labrador and isolated parts of the United States appeared to be approximately as warm as during the 1961–1990 period.[2] Greenlandic winter oxygen isotope data from the MWP display a strong correlation with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).[24]

Lloyd D. Keigwin's 1996 study of radiocarbon-dated box core data from marine sediments in the Sargasso Sea found that its sea surface temperature was approximately 1 °C (1.8 °F) cooler approximately 400 years ago, during the LIA, and 1700 years ago, and was approximately 1 °C (1.8 °F) warmer 1000 years ago, during the MWP.[19]

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Edited to add (Dec. 23, 2011) I found this great video that shows the different ways to take apart bearings. Check it out!

Containers, dirty bearings, bearing puller, a small screwdriver or nail file, cleaning agent of your choice, rags, canned air, lube, etc.

The average cost to replace the wheel bearings (for 1 wheel) is about $350 (including parts and labor). But KBB.com goes deeper than that.

How to clean bearings skateboardat home

Put the finished bearing between your fingers and give it a spin! It should have a nice WHHHHHIIIIIIRRRRRRRR sound (but not tin-sounding, otherwise you need more lube), come to a smooth stop and roll for a decent amount of time. If you hear odd noises coming from your bearing or if it stops abruptly during spinning, you probably shouldn’t use it anymore. Or you can try to soak them overnight and give them another shake or brush to try and make them come back.

How to clean bearingsat home

I have recently gotten into disco roller skating and I went out to our storage shed to find my old skates I road around for a few seconds and I could tell that they need some maintenance. Thanks for this article, especially how to get the bearing out! I had no idea what I was doing, but now they are going to last me a good long time, now that the rest is gone!

Before a game we try to get together as a team and do an evening of skate maintenance, which often leads to bad lube jokes (likely due to the fumes of all the cleaning products). It’s a great way to bond as a team and last time it lead to us all painting our nails the same colours in preparation for the bout.

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The nature and extent of the MWP has been marked by long-standing controversy over whether it was a global or regional event.[15][16] In 2019, by using an extended proxy data set,[17] the Pages-2k consortium confirmed that the Medieval Climate Anomaly was not a globally synchronous event. The warmest 51-year period within the MWP did not occur at the same time in different regions. They argue for a regional instead of global framing of climate variability in the preindustrial Common Era to aid in understanding.[18]

The Medieval Warm Period (MWP), also known as the Medieval Climate Optimum or the Medieval Climatic Anomaly, was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region that lasted from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE.[2] Climate proxy records show peak warmth occurred at different times for different regions, which indicate that the MWP was not a globally uniform event.[3] Some refer to the MWP as the Medieval Climatic Anomaly to emphasize that climatic effects other than temperature were also important.[4][5]

The bearings I had at the time had the crown exposed and I found I could clean the more thoroughly. But I’ve done it removing the rubber shields as well. Thanks for sharing your insights!

Its recommended you have more than one can handy for this job because the cans freeze up and lose their blowing power with constant use.

The thing you are removing is not the “back shield,” it is the crown (sometimes called the retainer or cage). The bearing you are cleaning only has a rubber shield on one side. I don’t think taking off the crown will hurt anything; It just seems unnecessary. Most people only take off the shield because it is much simpler to put back together.

evidence does not support globally synchronous periods of anomalous cold or warmth over this time frame, and the conventional terms of 'Little Ice Age' and 'Medieval Warm Period' are chiefly documented in describing northern hemisphere trends in hemispheric or global mean temperature changes in past centuries.

This can be done before putting on shields/crowns or after. But it also depends on the kinds of bearings you have and how they are put together. I’ve done it both ways, mainly because sometimes I forget before replacing the shields. I do one drop on opposite sides of the exposed bearing, though I’m told one drop is also good enough or maybe do 3 drops for good measure. You don’t need to use skateboard lube for this. You can go to Canadian Tire and purchase 3 in 1 automotive oil and use that as well. Speed cream that hairdressers use for their clippers and other devices is just fine too. Essentially, any kind of lubricant on the market that is meant to reduce heat and friction will work on your bearings… another Coach Pauly tidbit.

Best solvent for cleaningbearings

There is an extreme scarcity of data from Australia for both the MWP and the LIA. However, evidence from wave-built shingle terraces for a permanently-full Lake Eyre[74] during the 9th and the 10th centuries is consistent with a La Niña-like configuration, but the data are insufficient to show how lake levels varied from year to year or what climatic conditions elsewhere in Australia were like.

Bearing ring: the ring part of a radial rolling bearing with one or several raceways Bearing washers: Ring parts of thrust rolling bearings ...

Hey Roller Girl, Thanks for this web page. I’ve been cleaning inline skate bearings for a while but had never encountered bearings where you couldn’t take the side panels off. Your “Remove Bearing Shields Seals” link says you can’t! Oh well, I got them clean anyway. I suggestion: I’ve always used mineral turpentine to clean the bearings. Yes it’s stinky, but you don’t have to worry about drying the bearings afterwards. In fact, after you add some oil for lubrication (a couple of drops per bearing) the mineral turpentine/oil mixture is a great, light, somewhat self-cleaning lubricant. (I learned that years [decades] ago when I was lubricating the valves of a trumpet ? Cheers, Geoff

Wiping surface dirt from your bearings help a little, but if little grains of dirt get caught between the balls inside the bearings, you need to take them apart for a deeper clean.

Hi Erica, I didn’t know about bearing pullers until I got some “quad” skates! I’d always used a screwdriver on an angle to work the bearings out. This worked fine in inline wheels, but not quad wheels. Since then I’ve modified my technique to use a flat-head (“minus” sign) screwdriver to push the bearing out from the opposite side. Works like a charm ?

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Once all my crowns are removed, I put all my bearings in 70% rubbing alcohol. Better yet, if you can find 99% alcohol (you usually have to ask for it behind a pharmacy counter) do it. Paint thinner and kerosene also work but they stink and those are hard on your skin. Bearing-specific cleaner purchased at your local skate shop is also an option. Some use environmentally friendly options as well, but be careful in what you choose because if there is any film or residue left on those little balls, they won’t roll nice. EG: Dish soap isn’t great for bearings.

Using the little screwdriver that I used to pry off the crowns, I position each individual ball to approximately match up with the sockets of the crown.

The MWP is generally thought to have occurred from about 950 CE to about 1250 CE, during the European Middle Ages.[2] Some researchers divide the MWP into two phases: MWP-I, which began around 450 CE and ended around 900 CE, and MWP-II, which lasted from about 1000 CE to about 1300 CE; MWP-I is called the early Medieval Warm Period while MWP-II is called the conventional Medieval Warm Period.[8] In 1965, Hubert Lamb, one of the first paleoclimatologists, published research based on data from botany, historical document research, and meteorology, combined with records indicating prevailing temperature and rainfall in England around 1200 CE and around 1600 CE. He proposed,[9]

Dont force it! Use your screwdriver to reposition balls while the shield is sitting loose on top if its not snapping in easily.

In 2013, a study from three US universities was published in Science magazine and showed that the water temperature in the Pacific Ocean was 0.9 °C (1.6 °F) warmer during the MWP than during the LIA and 0.65 °C (1.2 °F) warmer than the decades before the study.[51]

Ge et al. studied temperatures in China for the past 2000 years and found high uncertainty prior to the 16th century but good consistency over the last 500 years highlighted by the two cold periods, 1620s–1710s and 1800s–1860s, and the 20th-century warming. They also found that the warming from the 10th to the 14th centuries in some regions might be comparable in magnitude to the warming of the last few decades of the 20th century, which was unprecedented within the past 500 years.[55] Generally, a warming period was identified in China, coinciding with the MWP, using multi-proxy data for temperature. However, the warming was inconsistent across China. Significant temperature change, from the MWP to LIA, was found for northeast and central-east China but not for northwest China and the Tibetan Plateau.[56] During the MWP, the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) was the strongest it has been in the past millennium[57] and was highly sensitive to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO).[58] The Mu Us Desert witness increased moisture in the MWP.[59] Peat cores from peatland in southeast China suggest changes in the EASM and ENSO are responsible for increased precipitation in the region during the MWP.[60] However, other sites in southern China show aridification and not humidification during the MWP, showing that the MWP's influence was highly spatially heterogeneous.[61] Modelling evidence suggests that EASM strength during the MWP was low in early summer but very high during late summer.[62]

How to clean bearings skateboardreddit

After you take them apart, put all your bearing pieces in a water bottle, fill it alcohol and shake it for 20 minutes. This advice comes from Coach Pauly himself! Under most circumstances, the friction of shaking the bearings in the alcohol is enough to get them clean.

How to clean skateboard bearingswithout removing them

Around 985, Vikings founded the Eastern and Western Settlements, both near the southern tip of Greenland. In the colony's early stages, they kept cattle, sheep, and goats, with around a quarter of their diet from seafood. After the climate became colder and stormier around 1250, their diet steadily shifted towards ocean sources. By around 1300, seal hunting provided over three quarters of their food.

Using sediment samples from Puerto Rico, the Gulf Coast, and the Atlantic Coast from Florida to New England, Mann et al. found consistent evidence of a peak in North Atlantic tropical cyclone activity during the MWP, which was followed by a subsequent lull in activity.[20]

The climate in equatorial eastern Africa has alternated between being drier than today and relatively wet. The climate was drier during the MWP (1000–1270).[45] Off the coast of Africa, Isotopic analysis of bones from the Canary Islands' inhabitants during the MWP to LIA transition reveal the region experienced a 5 °C (9.0 °F) decrease in air temperature. Over this period, the diet of inhabitants did not appreciably change, which suggests they were remarkably resilient to climate change.[46]

It’s important to also inspect your bearings for loose parts & make sure they aren’t lopsided. Remember we are putting a lot of pressure on our bearings by almost always leaning in one direction. I’ve never had it happen to me yet, but I imagine bearings will eventually start to bend over in the direction you’re leaning in over time, especially if you don’t rotate them. So if they are clean, lubed but still don’t roll well, they should be ditched or made into a keychain decoration.

Temperatures derived from an 18O/16O profile through a stalagmite found in a New Zealand cave (40°40′S 172°26′E / 40.67°S 172.43°E / -40.67; 172.43) suggested the Medieval Warm Period to have occurred between [... about 1050–1400 CE] and to have been 0.75 °C [1.4 °F] warmer than the Current Warm Period.

The Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) was also enhanced during the MWP with a temperature driven change to the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO),[66] bringing more precipitation to India.[67] Vegetation records in Lahaul in Himachal Pradesh confirm a warm and humid MWP from 1,158 to 647 BP.[68] Pollen from Madhya Pradesh dated to the MWP provides further direct evidence for increased monsoonal precipitation.[69] Multi-proxy records from Pookode Lake in Kerala also reflect the warmth of the MWP.[70]

Possible causes of the MWP include increased solar activity, decreased volcanic activity, and changes in ocean circulation.[6] Modelling evidence has shown that natural variability is insufficient on its own to explain the MWP and that an external forcing had to be one of the causes.[7]

How to clean skateboard bearingswith household items

evidence has been accumulating in many fields of investigation pointing to a notably warm climate in many parts of the world, that lasted a few centuries around 1000–1200 CE, and was followed by a decline of temperature levels till between around 1500–1700 CE the coldest phase since the last ice age occurred.

The Norse colonization of the Americas has been associated with warmer periods.[25] The common theory is that Norsemen took advantage of ice-free seas to colonize areas in Greenland and other outlying lands of the far north.[26] However, a study from Columbia University suggests that Greenland was not colonized in warmer weather, but the warming effect in fact lasted for only very briefly.[27] Around 1000 CE the climate was sufficiently warm for the Vikings to journey to Newfoundland and to establish a short-lived outpost there.[28]

Adhikari and Kumon (2001), investigating sediments in Lake Nakatsuna, in central Japan, found a warm period from 900 to 1200 that corresponded to the MWP and three cool phases, two of which could be related to the LIA.[64] Other research in northeastern Japan showed that there was one warm and humid interval, from 750 to 1200, and two cold and dry intervals, from 1 to 750 and from 1200 to now.[65]

Then I press the crown in. If everything’s lined up nice, it should snap in easily. Careful not to push too hard to crack or break your crown.

I'm a founding member of the Lethbridge Roller Derby Guild since 2010 and skate/ref with the Deathbridge Derby Dames. I like to post about gear, technique, food & fitness and the business side of derby. Feel free to subscribe if you want email notifications of my shenanigans. Check out my Instagram or even rollerdance and park skating. Instagram Skating Account! Find me on Facebook! Photo courtesy Stewart Jones Photography

Thanks for all the video about bearing specially on how to clean and put back together.All i can say i am amaze to see those things.

By 1350, there was reduced demand for their exports, and trade with Europe fell away. The last document from the settlements dates from 1412, and over the following decades, the remaining Europeans left in what seems to have been a gradual withdrawal, which was caused mainly by economic factors such as increased availability of farms in Scandinavian countries.[29]

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Bearings that have 2 rubber shields on both sides usually have spacers in between the bearing balls to hold them in place. Use a safety pin to pry out both sides of the rubber shields.

The purpose of a steel ball bearing is to reduce friction and support radial and axial loads. This is achieved by using at least two races to retain the balls and transmit the loads through the balls. Usually, one of the races is held fixed. As one of the raceways rotated which causes the ball to rotate, and because the balls are rolling have a much lower coefficient of friction than if two flat surfaces is rotated against the other.

Bearings with metal shields can be cleaned (except cheap sealed ones). Metal shields are held into place with a metal C-ring along the outside of the bearing. The C-ring can be removed with a pin and the shield will come right off.

If you hold them between your fingers, give them a spin and they make grinding noises or don’t even spin to the count of 1, then they are dirty.

**DISCLAIMER: My way isn’t necessarily right, but the procedure is what I’ve picked up from reading, talking to other derby gals and asking questions at skate board shops. If your way works for you, keep doing it!!!! If you see me doing something glaringly wrong, please speak up!!!!!

Prolonged droughts affected many parts of what is now the Western United States, especially eastern California and the west of Great Basin.[12][37] Alaska experienced three intervals of comparable warmth: 1–300, 850–1200, and since 1800.[38] Knowledge of the MWP in North America has been useful in dating occupancy periods of certain Native American habitation sites, especially in arid parts of the Western United States.[39][40] Aridity was more prevalent in the southeastern United States during the MWP than the following LIA, but only slightly; this difference may be statistically insignificant.[41] Droughts in the MWP may have impacted Native American settlements also in the Eastern United States, such as at Cahokia.[42][43] Review of more recent archaeological research shows that as the search for signs of unusual cultural changes has broadened, some of the early patterns (such as violence and health problems) have been found to be more complicated and regionally varied than had been previously thought. Other patterns, such as settlement disruption, deterioration of long-distance trade, and population movements, have been further corroborated.[44]

The MWP was followed by a regionally cooler period in the North Atlantic and elsewhere, which is sometimes called the Little Ice Age (LIA).