... Specification. Symbol. Spacer or Sleeve. Symbol. Grease Symbol. Symbol for Design ... Chart. ISO Viscosity Grade assumed V.I.80. Redwood. (Seconds). Saybolt.

In general, you should apply the rotating bearing race with a press or tight t. An example is a wheel hub, where the outer race should be applied with a press t. The races on a stationary axle would normally be applied with a light or loose t. Where the shaft rotates, the inner race should normally be applied with a press t and the outer race may be applied with a split t or even a loose t, depending on the application.

Proper maintenance and handling procedures are critical. Always follow installation instructions and maintain proper lubrication. Never spin a bearing with compressed air. The rollers may be forcefully expelled. Overheated bearings can ignite explosive atmospheres. Special care must be taken to properly select, install, maintain, and lubricate bearings that are used in or near atmospheres that may contain explosive levels of combustible gases or accumulations of dust such as from grain, coal, or other combustible materials. Consult your equipment designer or supplier for installation and maintenance instructions. If hammer and bar are used for installation or removal of a part, use a mild steel bar (e., 1010 or 1020 grade). Mild steel bars are less likely to cause release of high-speed fragments from the hammer, bar or the part being removed.

Roller bearings also exhibit false brinelling when they’re used in positions that encounter very small reversing angular oscillation (less than one complete rotation of the rolling element).

Enginebearing failure analysis chart

A wheel hub may need to be replaced if the wheel bearing in your Subaru is being serviced, or if your ABS or traction control light is on.

This type of bearing damage may be prevented by using the correct size shaft and by using the Timken self-aligning feature, a spherical outer ring to compensate for initial misalignment and correctly mount bearings.

2023425 — What are the signs of a bad wheel bearing? · A humming noise in the car getting louder with speed: This can happen when the bearing isn't ...

Root causeanalysisofbearing failurePDF

An undersized shaft or an outer ring that cannot be aligned due to the housing may cause a broken cam, a misaligned travel path or bearing wobble.

Electric arc pitting or small burns, magnied 10X here, were created by arcs from improper electric grounding while the bearing was stationary.

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Secure a sample of new, unused lubricant. Record any specication or batch information from the container. Obtain the technical specications and any related material safety data (handling, disposal, toxicological) documentation to accompany lubricant shipments.

With broad and deep expertise in material science and tribology, we’ve developed this guide to help you identify and analyze bearing damage, including possible causes and preventative courses of action.

Inspect other machine elements, especially the position and condition of components adjacent to the bearing, including locknuts, adapters, seals and seal wear rings.

Tapered roller spaced nicking was caused by the roller edges hitting the race during installation. These nicks/dents have raised edges that can lead to excessive noise, vibration or act as points of stress concentration.

Many different factors can cause bearing damage. Those listed in this guide are the most commonly identied types and causes of damage for anti-friction bearings, including cylindrical, spherical, tapered and ball designs. Always follow proper bearing maintenance and handling practices to help ensure your bearings achieve optimal performance levels.

Common external debris contaminants include dirt, sand and environmental particles. Typical causes of internal debris contamination include wear from gears, splines, seals, clutches, brakes, joints, improperly cleaned housings, and damaged or spalled components. These hard particles travel within the lubrication, through the bearing and eventually bruise (dent) the surfaces. Raised metal around the dents acts as surface-stress risers to cause premature spalling and reduce bearing life.

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You must always asked for a signed certification to the particular DFARS clause (see DFARS page), cited in insure you are providing domestically produced products and that you are in compliance with contract requirements.In today’s profit driven market bearing suppliers will routinely try to steer customers to foreign produced items.Even to the extent of declaring that certain parts of “No longer produced in the United States”.  This is simply not true as many American bearing manufacturers stand ready and willing to supply 100% domestic products.Foreign ball and roller bearing manufacturers have simply undercut and slashed prices in order to capture USA market share.  We have seen this in many industries throughout the USA, such as autos, electronics, etc...Ambearco offers assistance for properly sourcing your requirements for domestic ball and roller bearings. AUTHOR:Bruce Dumas

This photo, taken with a microscope, shows a debris contamination bruise on a bearing race. A corresponding surface map of the dent is shown to the right.

Cracked outer ring in a wheel hub. The outer ring turns and wears the outer ring seat so the t becomes more loose. Then the outer ring starts to stretch or roll out. Wear and stretching continues to the point where the metal reaches its breaking point and the outer ring cracks open.

The marks visible on the outside diameter of this outer ring are caused by a high spot on the housing. The outer ring race was found spalled at the location that corresponds to the outer ring mark from heavy contact with the housing high spot.

Prepare an inspection sheet to capture all your observations. Take photographs throughout the procedure to help document or describe the damaged components.

A worn-out housing caused this bearing to lose t and fret (move) during service. As a result, metal tearing and wear occurred on this spherical outer ring.

DISCLAIMER This guide is provided solely to give you analysis tools and data to assist you in your product selection. Product performance is affected by many factors beyond the control of Timken. Therefore, you must validate the suitability and feasibility of all product selections for your applications. Timken products are sold subject to Timken terms and conditions of sale, which include our limited warranty and remedy. You can nd these at timken/termsandconditionsofsale. Please consult with your Timken engineer for more information and assistance. Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this writing, but no liability is accepted for errors, omissions or for any other reason.

Bearing failure analysis chartpdf

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SKFbearing failure chart

Check the bearing environment for external inuences, like other equipment problems, that preceded or occurred at the same time bearing damage was reported.

Careful inspection of all bearings, gears, seals, lubricants and surrounding parts may help determine the primary cause of damage.

You can distinguish false brinelling from true brinelling by examining the depression or wear area. False brinelling will actually wear away the surface texture, whereas the original surface texture will remain in the depression of a true brinell.

Wear caused by vibration or relative axial movement between the rollers and races is depicted in this tapered roller bearing outer ring.

Timken analyzes bearings from operations across the world. Our bearing service and repair specialists nd that 50 percent of the bearings submitted to us haven’t reached their calculated lives.

SKFbearing failure analysispdf

Clean parts and record the manufacturers’ information from markings on the bearing rings (part number, serial number, date code).

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Bearingdamage types

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Debris from other fatigued parts, inadequate sealing or poor maintenance caused bruising on this tapered roller bearing race.

The damage caused by inadequate lubrication varies greatly in both appearance and performance. Depending on the level of damage, it may range from very light heat discoloration to total bearing lockup with extreme metal ow.

Tensile stresses can be very high in tightly fitted bearing components. Attempting to remove such components by cutting the inner rings may result in a sudden shattering of the component causing fragments of metal to be forcefully expelled. Always use properly guarded presses of bearing pullers to remove bearings from shafts, and always use suitable personal protective equipment, including safety glasses.

Bearing failure analysisppt

NOTE Do not use excessive force when mounting or dismounting the unit. Follow all tolerance, t, and torque recommendations. Always follow the Original Equipment Manufacturer’s installation and maintenance guidelines. Ensure proper alignment. Never weld housed units. Do not heat components with an open ame. Do not operate at bearing temperatures above 121 ̊ C (250 ̊ F).

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Deection, inaccurate machining or wear of bearing seats caused an irregular roller path on this tapered roller bearing outer ring.

Extract any used lubricant samples from bearings, housing and seal areas to determine lubricant conditions. Package it separately and label it properly.

If misalignment exceeds those limits, the load on the bearing won’t be distributed along the rolling elements and races as intended. Instead, it will be concentrated on only a portion of the rollers or balls and races. In cases of extreme misalignment or off angle, the load will be carried only on the extreme ends of the rolling elements and races.

Causes of arcing include static electricity from charged belts or processes that use calendar rolls, faulty wiring, improper grounding, welding, inadequate or defective insulation, loose rotor windings on an electric motor and short circuits.

Advanced spalling initiated at water etch marks on the outer ring race makes this bearing unsuitable for further service.

This spherical roller bearing inner race depicts a fractured small rib caused by the use of improper installation tools.

Etching is typically caused by condensate collecting in the bearing housing from temperature changes. Moisture or water can get in through damaged, worn or inadequate seals. Improperly washing and drying bearings when you remove them for inspection also can cause considerable damage. After cleaning and drying or preparing bearings for storage, coat them with oil or another preservative and wrap them in protective paper. Always store bearings, new or used, in a dry area and keep them in their original packaging to reduce the risk of static corrosion appearing before mounting.

This outer ring has heavy corrosion on the race. This type of corrosion may only be a surface stain without pitting. If the staining can be cleaned with a ne emery cloth or crocus cloth, the bearing may be reused. If there are pits that cannot be cleaned with light polishing, the bearing should either be discarded or, if practical, refurbished.

External debris contamination rolling through the bearing may cause pitting and bruising of the rolling elements and races.

Although many bearing manufacturers make label and package ball and rollers as “Made in USA”, this can be misleading.  These are usually foreign components that are simply assembled in the USA.

Scalloping marks in the outer ring are common with excessive endplay. This occurs when unloaded rollers enter the small load zone and are suddenly exposed to heavy loads.

May 6, 2023 — The front passenger side wheel bearing is extremely bad and will be replaced within the next week - loud whirring under acceleration, deceleration and load.

Level 2 – Micro-spalling or peeling results from thin lubricant lm due to high loads/low speed or elevated temperatures.

Magnied 10X, this uting, dened as a series of small axial burns, was caused by an electric current passing through the bearing while it was rotating.

Classic fretting corrosion from poor tting practice is depicted here. Relative movement under load between the bearing and its seat caused this worn and corroded condition.

In some cases, the cause is contact fatigue (inclusion origin, point surface origin, geometric stress concentration and micro-spalling). In 90 percent of the cases, the cause is non-fatigue factors, including:

Bearing failure analysisPDF

Follow the steps below for an accurate and complete analysis when investigating any bearing damage or system breakdowns. If you need help, contact one of our sales or service engineers.

Gather operating data from bearing monitoring devices; analyze service and maintenance records and charts; and secure application diagrams, graphics or engineering drawings.

If you have bearing damage beyond the scope of this guide, contact our service engineering team. We can work with you – often on-site – to get to the root cause of your problems. We also offer in-depth training that’s customized to your specic industry or application.

In mild cases, the discoloration is from the lubricant staining the bearing surfaces. In severe cases, the metal is discolored from high heat.

It’s important that the right lubricant amount, type, grade, supply system, viscosity and additives are properly engineered for each bearing system. Base your selection on history, loading, speeds, sealing systems, service conditions and expected life. Without proper consideration of these factors, you may experience less-than- expected-bearing and application performance.

Each time the current is broken while passing between the ball or roller and race, it produces a pit on both parts. Eventually uting develops. As it becomes deeper, it creates noise and vibration. A high-amperage current, such as a partial short circuit, will cause a rough, granular appearance. Heavy jolts of high-amperage charges will cause more severe damage, welding metal from the race to the ball or roller. These metal protrusions on the roller will, in turn, cause a crater effect in the race, generating more noise and vibration.