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When a line's bearing is measured to one of four points on the circle's periphery, the quadrantal bearing system is used. For instance, if a line forms part of the circumference of a circle, its bearing is the angle it forms with the circle's centre. Four arbitrary meridians with equal distances between them are chosen for the quadrantal method of bearing in surveying works. The true bearings of these meridians are recorded by using chains of specified size.

What about your tires? We all know the importance of rotating your tires to promote even wear, but did you know a broken wheel bearing can lead to uneven tire wear too? The looseness of the wheel and the vibration that reverberates through the wheel causes your tyres to wear unevenly, meaning you are more likely to have to invest in new tyres sooner.

The bearing in surveying are defined as the angle formed by the reference meridian and the given line. The angle is less than 360 degrees when measured from north or south to east or west. The angle is represented by the letters N or S, followed by the angle value and the direction E or W. Bearings are important for measuring angles of different lines for carrying out survey works. Marks are placed at known distances and angles to one another during a survey to accurately lay out the land. This can be done with the help of bearings. Bearing in surveying works are commonly used to measure slopes and drain lines.

Chances are when you start hearing a loud noise from under the hood of your car as you drive, you automatically think it’s an exhaust leak or your car is going to break at any moment. But have you thought about the possibility of a broken — or nearly broken — wheel bearing causing that noise?

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The direction and amount of local attraction at each survey station are determined using this method. The corrected bearing of the traverse is then computed starting from the line that is unaffected by local attraction. This method of correcting the bearings in surveying is more precise than the included angle method. As a result, the majority of surveyors use it.

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Magnetic Meridian- The direction shown by a freely floating and balanced magnetic needle free of all other attractive forces is the magnetic bearing through a point. A magnetic compass can be used to determine the magnetic meridian's direction.

The bearing of a line is measured clockwise from magnetic north in this system. As a result, the value of the bearing ranges from 0 to 360 degrees in this system of bearing in surveying works. The Prismatic Compass is graduated in this method.

Calculated bearings are line bearings that are not measured during the surveying process but are calculated based on other known bearings and/or distances that have already been measured.

A grid meridian is one that runs parallel to the central true meridian for a specific area covered by a plane coordinate system. A grid bearing is determined by using the direction northwards along the grid lines of the map projection as a reference point. The grid lines are chosen to be parallel to the meridians and perpendicular to the parallels.

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In this article, we will learn about the definition, types, designations and corrections of Bearing in Surveying. It is an important topic to learn the basics of Surveying in Civil Engineering. This article will surely boost your learning for your upcoming SSC JE CE, GATE CE and RRB JE CE examinations.

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When bearings are damaged and making noise, it’s hard to diagnose because you have to drive the vehicle in order to reproduce the sound. Here are tips to help you find the source of the problem:

Wheel bearings are essential in the operation of your vehicle. More precisely, a wheel bearing is crucial for the proper function of the hub, tire and wheel assemblies to work together. The wheel bearing allows friction-free movement and rotation of the hub assembly, and thereby provides smooth tire and wheel rotation. When the wheel bearing goes bad, you will notice several symptoms.

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Note that tires that are “chopped” or “scalloped” (worn in patches) also make a rhythmic noise that increases in speed. This sounds very similar to a bad wheel bearing. Look at your tires as well if you hear this kind of noise.

True Meridian- A true meridian along a line is defined as a line along which a plane aligns with the earth's surface after passing through the true north and south extremes. As a result, it traverses both, the true north and the true south. Astronomical studies can be used to determine the path of the true meridian through a point.

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Are you doing the steering, or is the car driving where it wants to? When a wheel bearing corrodes or becomes pitted, the smooth exterior lining is gone and the vibration is transmitted to the tires which may feel like it is “pulling” to one side or the other.

Bearings measured while surveying, i.e. in the forward direction of survey lines, are referred to as fore bearings or forward bearings

True Bearing- A line's true bearing is the horizontal angle it forms with the true meridian through one of its extremities. Because the true meridian through a point remains constant, the true bearing of a line is a constant quantity.

While driving down the road about 40 mph, sway the car side to side slowly, shifting the weight of the vehicle from one side to the other. Do not drive crazy or cause the car to spin out, just sway it gently. Notice whether the noise gets louder or softer. If the noise is a little less if you turn right, the damaged bearing may be on the left, or vice versa.

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When the seal on the wheel bearing is broken or damaged, the noise starts out very faint and becomes louder over time. It sounds like the noise that your tires make when hitting a rumble strip on the highway, just not quite as loud, something like the sound of playing cards flapping against bicycle spokes.

For instance, if a line forms part of the circumference of a circle, its bearing is the angle it makes with the circle's centre. This method is used to calculate the bearing of a line in relation to another fixed point or object.

Calculated bearings are used to calculate other bearings in surveying works and distances such as true bearings, back bearings, and so on. These are known as "working" or "intermediate" bearings and distances.

Bearing definitionin surveying

Does your car feel loose? When you hear professional drivers talk about a “loose” car, you may not know what that means. It often refers to the steering of the vehicle, which can include wheel bearings. Wheel looseness, or also called wheel play, is another common symptom of a bad wheel bearing. As the bearing begins to wear down, they become loose inside the wheel hub and spindle, which makes your vehicle feel loose while steering.

The included angles of the traverse are computed first in this method, and then the corrected bearings of the traverse are computed starting from the line that is unaffected by local attraction and using the included angles.

A bearing in surveying is a clockwise or anticlockwise angle formed by the directions north and south. Bearing in surveying can be based on true north, magnetic north, grid north (the Y-axis of a map projection), or a previous map, which is often a historical magnetic north.

The bearing of a line is its orientation in relation to a specific meridian. Meridians are imaginary lines of longitude that run from the North Pole to the South Pole. A principal meridian is a reference line used to survey a large area. The types of Bearing in Surveying works with respect to different meridians are as follows:-

The grid bearing of a line is the horizontal angle formed by a grid line running through one of its extremities. By subtracting or adding 35° from the grid bearing, the true bearing and magnetic bearing are calculated.

The bearing of a line is measured eastward or westward from north or south, depending on which is closest, in this system of bearing in surveying works. As a result, both north and south are used as reference meridians, with the direction varying either clockwise or anticlockwise depending on where the line is located. The quadrant in which lines are located must be specified in a quadrantal bearing system. These bearings are observed using a surveyor's compass.

An arbitrary meridian is any convenient direction towards a permanent and significant mark or signals, such as a church spire or the top of a chimney. These meridian lines are used to compute the relative positions of lines in a small area.

Most wheel bearings are hardened steel and can withstand a lot of abuse. Its two worst enemies are heat and water. Heat caused by lack of lubrication can destroy a wheel bearing. Water that penetrates a sealed bearing will also destroy it.

Bearing

Bearing, in land surveying, refers to the acute angle measurement relative to a given meridian, such as true, magnetic, or arbitrary meridian, and is taken from either north or south towards east or west. The angle, less than 360 degrees, indicates the direction of a line in relation to the reference meridian, and can be measured clockwise or counterclockwise (e.g. N57°E, S51°E, S21°W, N87°W, or N15°W). Bearings provide crucial information for understanding the horizontal angle between the reference line and the surveyed direction, which can be referenced to true north, magnetic north, grid north (the Y-axis of a map projection), or a previous map, often a historical magnetic north.

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Most wheel bearings manufactured today are sealed. They come from the factory pressed together as an assembly: front race, bearing set, centre race, bearing set, and outer race, with seals on both the front and rear. Seals protect bearings from the elements, water, and debris, and they also seal in the high-temperature grease the bearing needs. When a seal is broken or damaged, the wheel bearing will fail and start making noise.

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Magnetic bearing- The magnetic bearing of a line is the horizontal angle formed by the magnetic meridian passing through one of the line's extremities. To measure it, a magnetic compass is used.

A surveyor, for example, places his stake some distance away from a line he is surveying. He can calculate the angle between the two by sighting the stake against the celestial body. He points his instrument in the right direction of a survey by measuring that angle and calculating its bearing.

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Backward Bearing angle in surveying refers to bearings measured in the opposite direction of surveying progress, i.e., in the survey line's backward direction. A backward bearing is the position of a line in relation to a point, a reference point, or an object.

Arbitrary Bearing- The horizontal angle formed by a line with any arbitrary meridian at one of its extremities. A theodolite or sextant is used to measure it.

Listen carefully. The most common and often most-identifiable symptom associated with a bad wheel bearing is noise coming from the wheel or tire area of the moving vehicle. You may mistake this as engine noise, but when you listen closely you are likely to hear grinding or grating that gets louder as the vehicle accelerates. Since wheel bearings are not known for wearing out that frequently, the noise is typically suspected to be something else and the problem overlooked.

This was all about the definition, types, designations and corrections of Bearings in Surveying works. It will reinforce your preparation for various Civil Engineering competitive exams. You can avail AE/JE Civil Coaching and GATE CE Coaching to be on the merit list of various technical recruitments for Civil Engineers.