For rolling bearings with a tapered bore, the standardised taper is 1:12. This corresponds to a half taper angle (α/2 = 2°23′9,4″); basic taper angle α = 4°46′18,8″. An exception is spherical roller bearings of the dimension series 40, 41 and 42 (the taper in this case is 1:30).

The dimension plans are valid for different bearing types. Standard rolling bearings of different types can thus be manufactured to the same external dimensions. As a result, a designer working on the same design envelope can make a selection between bearings of several types with the same external dimensions.

In the case of bearings that are separable and can be swivelled, such as tapered roller, spherical roller and some cylindrical roller bearings, cages prevent rolling elements from falling out of the bearing. The rolling element set and cage can thus be mounted and dismounted as a complete unit.

5 digitbearing nomenclature

In Germany, the bearing designations are standardised in DIN 623-1. These designations are also used in many other countries.

The radial internal clearance is reduced due to the fit as a result of expansion of the inner ring and contraction of the outer ring ➤ Equation.

Bearing Nomenclaturepdf

For very thin-walled housings and light metal housings, the reduction in the radial internal clearance must be determined by mounting trials.

Deviation of minimum circumscribed size of effective width (inner subunit assembled with a master outer ring) from its nominal size

Symbols for nominal dimensions, characteristics and specification modifiers for axial rolling bearings in accordance with ISO 199:2014

The suffix defines special designs and features ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. The prefix and suffix describe other features of the bearing but are not standardised in all cases and may vary in use depending on the manufacturer.

In many cases, adequate operating life values are only achieved at high temperatures through the use of special greases. In these cases, it must also be checked whether seals made from especially heat-resistant materials must be used. The operating limit of normal contact seals is +100 °C.

Rolling bearing cages are subdivided into sheet metal and solid section cages. The cages are predominantly made from steel and, for some bearings, from brass ➤ Figure. In comparison with solid section cages made from metal, sheet metal cages are of lower mass. Since a sheet metal cage only fills a small proportion of the gap between the inner and outer ring, lubricant can easily reach the interior of the bearing and is held on the cage. In general, a sheet steel cage is only included in the bearing designation if it is not defined as a standard version of the bearing.

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The intermediate sizes, such as bore diameter d = 22, 28 and d = 32 mm for example, are also given with an oblique as /22, /28 and /32.

Solid cages made from metal are used where there are requirements for high cage strength and at high temperatures. Solid cages are also used if the cage must be guided on ribs. Rib-guided cages for bearings running at high speeds are made in many cases from light materials, such as light metal or laminated fabric, in order to achieve low inertia forces.

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Circular radial run-out of inner ring bore of assembled bearing with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the outer ring outside surface

Each rolling bearing has a designation that clearly indicates the type, dimensions, tolerances and internal clearance, if necessary with other important features.

Schaeffler rolling bearings fulfil the requirements for fatigue strength, wear resistance, hardness, toughness and structural stability. The material used for the rings and rolling elements is generally a low-alloy, through hardening chromium steel of high purity. For bearings subjected to considerable shock loads and reversed bending stresses, case hardening steel is also used (supplied by agreement). The results of research as well as practical experience confirm that bearings made from the steel currently used as standard can achieve their endurance limit if loads are not excessively high and the lubrication and cleanliness conditions are favourable.

Circular axial run-out of outer ring face of assembled bearing with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the inner ring bore surface

SKFbearing nomenclature

Deviation of minimum circumscribed size of effective width (flanged outer ring assembled with a master inner subunit) from its nominal size

The designation for the bearing series comprises numbers and letters or letters and numbers. It indicates the type of bearing, the diameter series and, in many cases, the width series too ➤ Figure, ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. The diameter and width series are described in ➤ section.

These cages are made from metal, laminated fabric or plastic ➤ Figure. They can be identified from the bearing designation.

For certain bearing types, the bearing bores are stated directly or in an encoded form in accordance with DIN 623-1. Up to d ＜ 10 mm, the bearing bore diameter is specified in the dimension-specific part of the designation (basic designation) directly as a number indicating the diameter ➤ Figure.

The dimensions which determine the installation space are standardised. Standardisation is not, however, applied to the internal dimensions, such as the size and quantity of the rolling elements for example. The main dimensions of metric rolling bearings are defined in the following ISO dimension plans:

If high temperature synthetic materials are used for seals and greases, it must be noted that the particularly high performance materials containing fluoride may give off harmful gases and vapours when heated to approx. +300 °C and above. This may occur, for example, if a welding torch is used in the dismantling of a bearing.

Deviation of a mid-range size (out of two-point sizes) of bore diameter at the theoretical small end of a tapered bore from its nominal size

Cages made from glass fibre reinforced polyamide PA66 are suitable for continuous temperatures up to +120 °C. For higher operating temperatures, plastics such as PA46 or PEEK can be used.

For lower press-in forces, the surface of the parts should be lightly greased, the tolerances are increased by the thickness of the coating.

The radial internal clearance applies to bearings with an inner ring and is determined on the unmounted bearing. It is defined as the amount by which the inner ring can be moved in a radial direction from one extreme position to the other in relation to the outer ring ➤ Figure.

Circular axial run-out of inner ring face with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the inner ring bore surface

Ballbearing nomenclature

Hybrid bearings allow very high speeds, even with grease lubrication, as well as long operating life and low operating temperatures.

Deviation of a mid-range size (out of two-point sizes) of housing washer outside diameter in any cross-section from its nominal size

The minimum and maximum values for the bearings are given in the table Limit values for chamfer dimensions to DIN 620-6 ➤ Table, ➤ Figure.

Rollerbearing nomenclature

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Both steels are clearly superior to conventional corrosion-resistant steels for rolling bearings in terms of corrosion resistance and fatigue strength.

Deviation of a minimum circumscribed size of outer ring width, between two opposite lines, in any longitudinal section which includes the outer ring outside surface axis, from its nominal size

Systems are free from Cr(VI), provide effective protection against corrosion and, as result, extend the useful life of Schaeffler components. In isolated cases, the dimensional changes brought about by the coating must be taken into account in a further processing operation.

Range of mid-range sizes (out of two-point sizes) of bore diameter obtained from any cross-section of a cylindrical bore

A larger radial internal clearance should be used for shafts running at high speeds, since adequate thermal compensation between the bearing, shaft and housing does not occur in this situation. ΔsT can, in this case, be significantly higher in this case than for continuous operation.

Bearing nomenclaturechart

Ceramic hybrid spindle bearings contain balls made from silicon nitride. These ceramic balls are substantially lighter than steel balls. The centrifugal forces and friction are significantly lower.

When using oil lubrication, additives in the oil can impair the cage operating life. Aged oil can also impair the cage operating life at high temperatures, so attention must be paid to compliance with the oil change intervals.

For bearings without an inner ring, the enveloping circle Fw is used. This is the inner inscribed circle of the rolling elements in clearance-free contact with the outer raceway ➤ Figure.

The operating clearance is derived from the radial internal clearance and the change in the radial internal clearance as a result of interference fit and thermal influences in the mounted condition.

Range of minimum circumscribed sizes of inner ring width, between two opposite lines, obtained from any longitudinal section which includes the inner ring bore axis

Width and diameter series are described using numbers. In the case of radial bearings in accordance with DIN 616 and ISO 15, these are as follows:

Range of minimum spherical sizes between the raceway and the opposite back face of the shaft washer, obtained from any longitudinal section which includes the shaft washer bore axis

Experience has shown that the predominant proportion of all bearing arrangement tasks can be fulfilled using bearings with standard dimensions, which are contained in ISO dimension plans.

Rolling bearings are heat treated such that, depending on the bearing type, they are generally dimensionally stable up to +120 °C (certain bearings up to +150 °C). Operating temperatures above +150 °C require special heat treatment. Bearings treated in this way are available by agreement and are identified by the suffix S1, S2, S3 or S4 to DIN 623-1 ➤ Table.

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➤ Figure describes as an example the structure of the designation for a metric tapered roller bearing (dimension series to ISO 355, designation to ISO 10317). The 3 indicates the contact angle range. The first letter (F in this case) indicates a diameter series. Each diameter series has a certain ratio D/d (outside diameter to bore diameter). The second letter (E in this case) indicates a width series. Each width series has a certain ratio of bearing width T to the height of the bearing cross-section. The addition of the letter T (for tapered roller bearing) at the start and a three-digit number at the end for the bearing bore diameter in mm (in this case 120) gives the complete designation of a tapered roller bearing (e. g. T3FE 120 ➤ Figure).

A further means of distinguishing between cages is their guidance method ➤ Figure. Most cages are guided by the rolling elements and do not have a suffix for the guidance method. If guidance is by the bearing outer ring, the suffix A is used. Cages that are guided on the inner ring have the suffix B.

For drawn cup needle roller bearings with open ends HK, drawn cup needle roller bearings with closed end BK and aligning needle roller bearings PNA and RPNA, the chamfer dimensions deviate from DIN 620-6. The lower limit values for r are given in the product tables.

The operating clearance value is dependent on the operating and installation conditions of the bearing. A larger operating clearance is, for example, necessary if heat is transferred via the shaft, the shaft undergoes deflection or if misalignment occurs. An operating clearance smaller than CN should only be used in special cases, for example in high precision bearing arrangements. Normal operating clearance is achieved with an internal clearance of CN or, for larger bearings, more usually C3 if the recommended shaft and housing tolerances are maintained.

Range of minimum circumscribed sizes of outer ring width, between two opposite lines, obtained from any longitudinal section which includes the outer ring outside surface axis

DIN 616 describes dimension plans for radial and axial bearings. An overview of ISO and DIN rolling bearing standards is given in DIN 611:2010-05.

Circular radial run-out of outer ring outside surface of assembled bearing with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the inner ring bore surface

The permissible temperature for sealed bearings is dependent on the requirements for the operating life of the grease filling and on the action of the contact seals. Sealed bearings are greased with specially tested, high performance, high quality greases. These greases can withstand +120 °C for short periods. At or above continuous temperatures of +70 °C, a reduction in the operating life of standard greases with a lithium soap base must be expected.

An extensive modular coating concept currently offers a wide range of surface improvements aimed at increasing the performance and rating life of bearing components. The “added value in the form of coatings” thus provided, is now established as a standard procedure for a wide variety of Schaeffler components.

Deviation of a minimum circumscribed size of inner ring width, between two opposite lines, in any longitudinal section which includes the inner ring bore axis, from its nominal size

Cage pockets, which are separated from each other by bars and are uniformly distributed around the circumference of the cage, maintain the spacing of the rolling elements relative to each other and ensure the distribution of load. In addition, the bars prevent sliding friction between adjacent rolling elements and guide the rolling elements parallel to the bearing axis in the load-free zone. In the case of cylindrical and needle roller bearings, they additionally prevent skewing of the rolling elements by guiding the rolling elements parallel to the bearing axis.

High temperatures are critical especially in the case of seals made from fluoro rubber (FKM, FPM, e. g. Viton®) or greases containing fluoride, such as the rolling bearing greases Arcanol TEMP200 and greases to GA11. If high temperatures are unavoidable, attention must be paid to the valid safety data sheet for the specific fluoride-containing material, which can be obtained upon request.

In the dimension plans, one bearing bore is allocated several outside diameters and width dimensions. In this way, it is possible to design several bearings of the same type that, for the same bore, exhibit different load carrying capacities. The development of new bearing series and individual new rolling bearings in accordance with the dimension plans has considerable advantages for users and manufacturers.

Theoretical interference of the fitted parts with firm seating. The theoretical oversize of the fitted parts with a firm seating is determined from the mean deviations and the upper and lower deviations of the tolerance zones of the fitted parts reduced by 1/3 of their acceptable value. The amount of surface smoothing during assembly must be subtracted from this.

Under normal operating conditions, the cage design defined as the standard cage is generally suitable. Standard cages, which may differ within a bearing series according to the bearing size, are described in the product chapters. Under special operating conditions, a cage that is suitable for the specific conditions must be selected.

The specific number of the width and diameter series, when combined, identifies the dimension series ➤ Table. When this table is used, for example, for a radial bearing of the width series 2 and the diameter series 3, this gives the dimension series 23 ➤ Table and ➤ Figure. If the bearing bore code is then added, ➤ section, the bearing size is completely defined.

Circular axial run-out of outer ring flange back face of assembled bearing with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the inner ring bore surface

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Perpendicularity of outer ring outside surface axis with respect to datum established from the outer ring flange back face

The Deep Groove Ball Bearing, known as 6206-2RS-SKF SKF, has an inner diameter of 30 mm, an outer diameter of 62 mm and a thickness of 16 mm.

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The calculation module BEARINX Shaft Calculation, which is available from Schaeffler free of charge, can be used to calculate and analyse the operating clearance.

Examples of the composition of designations on the basis of their definition in accordance with ➤ Figure are shown on ➤ Figure.

Deviation of a mid-range size (out of two-point sizes) of bore diameter at the theoretical large end of a tapered bore from its nominal size

The operating clearance is determined on a mounted bearing still warm from operation. It is defined as the amount by which the shaft can be moved in a radial direction from one extreme position to the other.

International standards are usually valid for the main dimensions and running accuracy of rolling bearings. Unless specified otherwise, the tolerances for radial rolling bearings correspond to ISO 492:2014 and, for axial rolling bearings, to ISO 199:2014. Information on which bearings are supplied with which tolerances is provided in the relevant product chapters.

Rolling bearings are not resistant to corrosion by water or agents con­taining alkalis or acids but are often exposed to these corrosion-inducing agents. In these applications, corrosion protection is therefore a decisive factor in achieving a long operating life of the bearings.

Through the use of special bearings made from HNS (High Nitrogen Steel, supplied by agreement), it is possible to achieve adequate service life even under the most challenging conditions (high temperatures, moisture, contamination).

Bearings that have the same standardised designation are interchangeable with each other. In the case of separable bearings, it cannot always be ensured that individual parts with the same origin can be interchanged with each other.

The dimensional and running accuracy of rolling bearings corresponds to tolerance class Normal. For bearings with increased accuracy, the tolerances are restricted to values in the classes 6, 5, 4 and 2. Tolerance tables for the individual tolerance classes ➤ Table to ➤ Table.

Circular axial run-out of inner ring face of assembled bearing with respect to datum, i.e. axis, established from the outer ring outside surface

Detailed information on the modular coating concept and individual coating systems can be found in Technical Product Information TPI 186 “Higher Performance Capacity Through the Use of Coatings”. This publication can be requested from Schaeffler.

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An operating temperature of +70 °C is regarded as a normal operating temperature. Further temperature data in the product descriptions must be observed.

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In contrast to Cronidur, the more economical alternative Cronitect has nitrogen introduced into the structure by means of a surface layer hardening process.

In addition to the standardised tolerance classes, super precision bearings are also produced to the tolerance classes P4S, SP and UP. These tolerances are listed in the relevant product descriptions.

The radial internal clearance can alter considerably if there is a substantial temperature differential between the inner and outer ring ➤ Equation.

Tapered roller bearings can generally also be classified in the dimension plans to ISO 355 ➤ Figure. The dimension series are designated in these by a combination of three symbols, e. g. 3FE ➤ Figure.

Thin anti-corrosion coating systems of 0,5 μm – 3 μm and 2 μm – 5 μm are available for bearing applications. Various Corrotect variants with coating thicknesses ＞ 5 μm also exist, which can be applied as necessary. The Corrotect coatings thus offer corrosion protection times – as a function of the coating variant and coating thickness – of ≧ 720 h against base metal corrosion (in accordance with DIN EN ISO 9227).

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The axial internal clearance sa is defined as the amount by which one bearing ring can be moved relative to the other, without load, along the bearing axis ➤ Figure.

Range of minimum spherical sizes between the raceway and the opposite back face of the housing washer, obtained from any longitudinal section which includes the housing washer outside surface axis

Deviation of minimum circumscribed size of effective width (outer ring assembled with a master inner subunit) from its nominal size

Deviation of a mid-range size (out of two-point sizes) of shaft washer bore diameter in any cross-section from its nominal size

Symbols for nominal dimensions, characteristics and specification modifiers for radial rolling bearings in accordance with ISO 492:2014

Deviation of a mid-range size (out of two-point sizes) of central shaft washer bore diameter in any cross-section from its nominal size

The advantages of the special coating Corrotect are all-round corrosion protection, including the turned surfaces of chamfers and radii ➤ Figure. It also gives long-term prevention of rust penetration beneath seals and smaller bright spots are protected against corrosion by the cathodic protection effect. In comparison with uncoated parts, operating life is significantly increased by the corrosion protection. There is no decrease in load carrying capacity (such as occurs in the use of corrosion-resistant steels). It is therefore theoretically possible to replace uncoated bearings by coated bearings of the same dimensions. However, it is advisable to check the suitability for the specific application in advance since, for example, abrasion may occur. During storage, there is no need to use organic preservatives.

In principle, corrosion-resistant steels to ISO 683-17 can be used. These bearings have the prefix S. For higher requirements, it may be advisable to use the high performance steels Cronidur and Cronitect.

The prefix normally identifies individual bearing parts of complete bearings (in certain cases, this may also be part of the basic designation) ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure.

From d ＞ 480 mm, the unencoded bore diameter is given with an oblique after the bearing series, e.g. 618/500 with bore diameter d = 500 mm.

The radial internal clearance groups are defined in DIN 620-4 and ISO 5753-1 and are described in DIN 620-4 by means of codes that comprise the capital letter C and a number. ISO 5753-1 designates the groups by the word "Group" and a number ➤ Figure and ➤ Table.

With various bearing types, the radial internal clearance sr and the axial internal clearance sa are dependent on each other. Guide values for the correlation between radial and axial internal clearance are shown for some bearing types ➤ Table.

Solid cages made from polyamide PA66 are produced using the injection moulding process ➤ Figure. As a result, cage types can generally be realised that allow designs with particularly high load carrying capacity. The elasticity and low mass of polyamide are favourable under shock type bearing loads, high accelerations and decelerations and tilting of the bearing rings in relation to each other. Polyamide cages have very good sliding and emergency running characteristics.

For all rolling bearings in the range from d = 20 mm to d = 480 mm (excluding double direction axial bearings), the bore code is formed by dividing the dimension of the bearing bore by 5.

In the load-free zone, the rolling elements are no longer driven by the inner or outer ring. As a result, they fall behind relative to the direction of rotation of the rings. Cages ensure that the spacing between the rolling elements is maintained, even in the load-free zone.

Minimum and maximum values for the bearings ➤ Figure and ➤ Table. The values in the table correspond to DIN 620-6. In the case of axial deep groove ball bearings, the tolerances for the chamfer dimensions are identical in both axial and radial directions.

For increased performance requirements, highly corrosion-resistant, nitrogen-alloyed martensitic HNS steels are available, such as Cronidur and Cronitect.