By choosing the right type of bearing and considering key factors in the battle to control radial and thrust loads, engineers can ensure they continue to innovate while delivering the highest levels of accuracy, smoothness and bearing life.

Axial loadbearing

Heavy duty bearing types such as 6200 or 6300 series may take axial loads of up to 50 percent of the static radial load rating. Thin-section deep groove ball bearings can only support axial loads of between 10 and 30 percent of the bearing's static radial load rating due the shallower raceways.

A Newton is defined as the force that will accelerate a mass of one kilogram at the rate of one meter per second per second (or 1 m/s²). Since the force of gravity at the Earth's surface is 9.80665 m/s², 1 Kgf = 9.80665 Newtons but, to keep it simple, we say 1 Kgf = 10 Newtons.

Radial loadformula

Hub Bearing Bolt Pattern: 5 x 4.53 in. Hub Bearing Bolt Circle Diameter (mm):, 4.53 in. / 115 mm.

If you suspect a bad wheel bearing, don't ignore the problem or put off the repair. A failing bearing can cause serious safety issues and lead to more extensive damage if left unchecked. Have your vehicle inspected by a trusted mechanic as soon as possible to diagnose the issue and get a detailed quote for the repair.

If you've started hearing strange noises coming from your car's wheels or noticed unusual vibrations while driving, it may be time to consider a wheel bearing replacement. But before you head to the mechanic, you're probably wondering: how much is this going to cost me? Don't worry, we've got you covered with all the details on front and rear wheel bearing replacement costs, what factors influence the price, and how to tell if your bearings have gone bad. By the end of this article, you'll be equipped with the knowledge to make an informed decision about getting your wheel bearings replaced. Let's dive in!

Axialandradial loadbearing

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As wheel bearings wear out, they can cause excessive play and looseness in the wheel, which translates to vibration in the steering wheel, floorboard or seats. You may feel the vibrations at all speeds, or only at certain mph ranges. If the vibration changes when you turn left or right, that's another indicator of a potential bearing problem.

A severely worn wheel bearing can make your vehicle feel loose, sloppy or unstable when steering, especially at higher speeds. You may notice the car wandering or pulling to one side, or the steering wheel may feel wobbly or hard to control. These symptoms can also be caused by alignment issues or worn suspension components, so it's important to have a mechanic diagnose the problem.

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Proper protective equipment and bearing removal equipment should be used. Generally speaking, reuse of bearings is not recommended.

One of the most noticeable signs of a failing wheel bearing is a loud, constant humming, rumbling or growling noise coming from the wheel area. The noise may get louder or change pitch as you accelerate, decelerate or turn. If you suspect a bad bearing, try swerving gently from side to side in an empty parking lot. If the noise gets louder when you turn one way and softer when you turn the other way, it's likely a bearing issue.

Incorrectly installed or adjusted wheel bearings can fail prematurely or cause other problems like uneven tire wear, vibration and steering issues. In some cases, a botched bearing job can even lead to a wheel separation or loss of control, which could have catastrophic consequences.

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While wheel bearing replacements can be costly, they're a necessary part of maintaining your vehicle's performance, comfort and safety. By staying on top of regular inspections and addressing any issues promptly, you can help extend the life of your bearings and avoid more expensive repairs down the road.

However, like any other mechanical component, wheel bearings can wear out over time due to age, mileage, driving habits, and exposure to the elements. When they fail, it compromises the wheel's ability to turn freely, which creates a host of problems ranging fromannoying to downright dangerous. That's why it's crucial to address wheel bearing issues promptly.

Depending on the vehicle and the complexity of the job, a wheel bearing replacement can take anywhere from one to three hours to complete. Some vehicles may require additional steps like removing the steering knuckle or axle shaft, which can add to the labor time and cost.

Some cheaper, low-quality bearings may not last as long or perform as well as premium options, so it's important to choose a reputable brand and supplier. Don't just go for the lowest price; consider the long-term value and reliability of the parts you're putting on your vehicle.

However, rear-wheel drive vehicles may put more strain on the rear bearings, especially if they're frequently used for towing or hauling heavy loads. If you have a bad rear wheel bearing, you may end up paying more for the replacement due to the added complexity of the job.

Radial loadbearing

We always express load ratings for bearings in Kgf (kilogramme force). That is the force exerted by a mass of one kilogramme at the Earth's surface. Elsewhere, you may see force expressed in Newtons.

Remember, even with the best maintenance, wheel bearings are still a wear item that will eventually need to be replaced. Staying on top of regular inspections and addressing any issues promptly can help you avoid more costly repairs and keep your vehicle running safely and smoothly.

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For most people, it's safer and more cost-effective to leave wheel bearing replacement to the professionals. A qualified mechanic will have the knowledge, tools and experience to do the job correctly and efficiently, and they can also spot any related issues that may need to be addressed.

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Dynamic radial load rating is officially defined as: "the constant stationary radial load in which 90 per cent of a group of identical chrome steel bearings, with only the inner ring rotating, can endure for one million revolutions before the first signs of fatigue develop."

If long life is required, it is preferable to limit the actual load to between 6 per cent and 12 per cent of a bearing’s dynamic load rating. Heavier loads can be tolerated but life will be shortened.

Although thin-section bearings — where the difference between the inner and outer diameter of the bearing is small — are great for compactness and saving weight. They can only support axial loads of between 10 and 30 per cent of the bearing's static radial load rating due to the shallower raceways. Additional radial loads or moment loads will reduce thrust load capacity even further. Excessive thrust loads on a thin-section bearing can cause the balls to ride dangerously close to the top of the raceway.

In rare cases, a wheel bearing failure may be caused by a manufacturing defect or faulty material, in which case it may be covered under the vehicle's powertrain warranty. However, this is unlikely unless the failure occurs very early in the vehicle's life and is not related to any external factors like accidents, modifications or abuse.

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The cost of labor can vary widely depending on your location, the type of repair shop you go to, and the experience level of the mechanic. In general, dealerships charge more for labor than independent garages, but they may have better access to original equipment manufacturer (OEM) parts and specialized tools.

Full complement ball bearings use a filling slot machined into the inner and outer rings. Under axial load, this slot can interfere with ball rotation so full complement bearings are not recommended for axial loads.

Axial vs radial loadformula

Another key factor is whether you need to replace a front or rear wheelbearing. In general, front wheel bearings tend to wear out faster than rear bearings because they carry more of the vehicle's weight and are subjected to greater stress from turning and braking. As a result, front wheel bearing replacement costs are often higher.

The cost of the replacement wheel bearing assembly itself can range from $100 to $800 or more, depending on the quality and brand. OEM bearings are typically more expensive than aftermarket ones, but they may come with a better warranty and assurance of proper fitment.

In some cases, a faulty wheel bearing can damage the sensors that monitor wheel speed for the anti-lock braking system (ABS). If you see the ABS warning light illuminate on your dashboard, it could be related to a bearing issue. A scan tool can help pinpoint the exact cause of the ABS fault.

So how do you know if you need a wheel bearing replacement in the first place? Here are some common symptoms of a bad wheel bearing to watch out for:

Static radial load rating refers to the purely radial load (or axial load for thrust bearings) which will cause a total permanent deformation of the balls or raceway.

Static loads approaching this figure may be tolerable for certain applications but not where any smoothness or accuracy is required. Static load ratings for stainless steel bearings are approximately 75 per cent –to 80 per cent of the load ratings for chrome steel bearings.

These figures are used in the calculation of life ratings, but bearings should not be subjected to anywhere near such loads in normal application unless you don't expect them to last very long.

Before we talk dollars and cents, it's important to understand what wheel bearings are and the critical role they play in your vehicle's performance and safety. Wheel bearings are small metal balls or tapered rollers enclosed in a metal ring called a race. They inside a hollow piece of metal called a hub, which attaches to the vehicle's suspension on one side and the brake disc or drum on the other.

Our determination to remain specialised gives us a high level of product knowledge, providing bearing and lubrication solutions to existing or potential customers, whether individuals or large corporations. We don’t just sell bearings, we help to solve your problems. - Chris Johnson, managing director of SMB Bearings.

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Under normal driving conditions and with proper maintenance, wheel bearings can last anywhere from 85,000 to 100,000 miles or more. However, their lifespan can be significantly shorter if they're exposed to harsh conditions like frequent driving on rough roads, heavy towing or hauling, or extreme temperatures.

Keep in mind that these are rough estimates, and your actual cost may be higher or lower depending on the specific make and model of your vehicle, your location, and the other factors we discussed earlier. It's always a good idea to get a detailed quote from your mechanic before agreeing to any repairs.

Now that you have a basic understanding of wheel bearings, let's look at the various factors that can impact the cost of replacing them:

While it is possible to replace wheel bearings yourself if you have the right tools and experience, it's generally not recommended for the average DIY mechanic. Wheel bearing replacement requires specialized equipment like a hydraulic press, torque wrench and bearing puller, as well as a clean, well-lit workspace and a good understanding of vehicle suspension and braking systems.

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In some cases, your mechanic may recommend additional services or repairs along with the wheel bearing replacement. For example, if the bearing failure caused damage to the brake rotors, CV joints, or other suspension components, you may need to replace those parts as well. This can significantly increase the overall cost of the repair.

It's also a good idea to have your vehicle's alignment checked after replacing a wheel bearing, as misalignment can cause premature wear on the new bearings and other tire components. An alignment typically costs between $50 and $150, depending on the type of vehicle and the complexity of the adjustment.

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Axial load

The main job of wheel bearings is to enable the wheel to rotate smoothly with minimal friction. They support the entire weight of the vehicle while in motion. Most modern cars, trucks and SUVs have sealed wheel bearing assemblies that are pre-lubricated at the factory and designed to last for the lifetime of the vehicle under normal driving conditions.

Please note, these figures are based on pure axial load. Additional radial loads or moment (misalignment loads) will have an impact on the axial load capacity. To exceed the total recommended limits for combined loads will have a detrimental effect on bearing life.

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In summary, the cost of a wheel bearing replacement can vary widely depending on your vehicle make and model, labor rates in your area, and the specific type of bearing assembly required. On average, you can expect to pay anywhere from $300 to $800 per wheel, with some luxury or heavy-duty vehicles costing even more.

Radial loadexample

Axial vs radial loadcalculator

Expect to pay anywhere from $50 to $140 per hour for labor, with most wheel bearing replacements taking between one and three hours to complete. If your vehicle has a more complex suspension setup or if the bearings are particularly difficult to access, labor costs could be higher.

The load capacity of a bearing may be limited by the lubricant. Certain lubricants are only suitable for light loads while others are designed for high load applications. Load ratings are higher for full complement bearings (see “bearing retainers” in the technical menu). The axial load capacity of a radial ball bearing can be increased by specifying loose radial play.

AISI440C/KS440 stainless steel bearings will support approximately 80 - 85 per cent of the load figures for chrome steel bearings - see how they stack up here. Load ratings for thrust bearings are based on the constant axial load endured for one million revolutions. SMB Bearings’ team of experts can help with providing data for life ratings of a variety of different bearings.

There are multiple ways that manufacturers can take to ensure a bearing has a long and successful life. The first step is to limit the radial load to between 6–12 per cent of a bearing's dynamic load rating. Although a bearing is able to tolerate a much higher load, its life will be shortened.

Wheel bearings are generally considered a wear item and are not typically covered under a vehicle's basic factory warranty. However, some extended warranties or service contracts may include coverage for wheel bearing replacements, so it's worth checking your specific policy to see what's included.

When a wheel bearing is damaged, it can cause the wheel to wobble or tilt at an angle, which leads to uneven or rapid tire wear. If you notice that one tire is wearing out much faster than the others, or if the tread is wearing unevenly across the width of the tire, it could be a sign of a bad bearing.

The next step is to choose the right material.  In SMB Bearings' experience as a specialist in thin-section, corrosion resistant, miniature bearings and ceramic bearings choosing the right type of bearing can also make all the difference. While all radial ball bearings have some thrust load capacity, it's often better to use heavy duty bearings that have deep raceways if greater thrust loads are present as these can withstand axial loads of up to 50 per cent of the static radial load rating.

If you're experiencing wheel bearing issues and your vehicle is still under warranty, it's best to contact your dealer or warranty provider to discuss your options. They may require an inspection to determine the cause of the failure and whether it's eligible for coverage.

The make, model and year of your vehicle play a significant role in determining the cost of a wheel bearing replacement. Luxury and high-performance vehicles often use higher-quality, more expensive wheel bearing assemblies than economy cars. Additionally, some makes and models may require specialized tools or procedures to replace the bearings, which can drive up labor costs.

One million revolutions does sound like a large number, but let's examine that a little more. A bearing will only last for just over an hour and a half (100 minutes) if you run it at around 10,000 revolutions per minute (rpm) with the maximum dynamic load applied to it.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it's best to have your vehicle inspected by a qualified mechanic as soon as possible. Ignoring a bad wheel bearing can lead to more extensive damage and costlier repairs down the road, not to mention the safety risk of a potential wheel separation or loss of control.