16. Lightly tighten the castle nut and secure it in place with a new cotter pin. Replace the dust cap. Put the caliper and brake pads back in place and secure them with the appropriate bolts. Finally, put the tyre back in its place and secure it with the wheel nuts.

My name is Dean Payne and I am the Sales Manager at BDS. I have been with BDS for 19 years and started when I was 18 years old in the warehouse. I have learned a little bit about bearings over the years and would consider myself a career-bearing guy at this point. I enjoy the challenges and the constant changing of nomenclature the bearing industry has to offer, you learn something new every single day.

The Industrial Revolution lasted from the mid-18th century through the 19th century. This period is notable for bearings due to the large quantity production of steel. This allowed for high-strength bearings to be mass-produced for the first time in history, making bearings usable in a wide variety of industrial fields.

1917 - During World War I, U.S. bearing manufacturers decide to create an informal group to assist in bearing manufacturing. This led to the founding of The American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA).

2. Put the vehicle in first, reverse, or neutral gear - or ‘park’ if it’s got an automatic transmission: Be sure that the handbrake is engaged as tightly as possible.

8. Remove the dust cover, cotter pin, and castle nut. You’ll find the first of these, a small plastic or metal cap, in the middle of the exposed rotor. Its job is to protect the parts which hold the rotor in place, and the best way of removing it is the cap is to grip it with a pair of pliers and tapping them with a hammer. Then unscrew the nut, and its washer, and remove them.

Today bearings are put to use in a variety of ways, both small and large. Some examples include Formula 1 cars, dental drills, gearbox and wheel bearings in the automotive industry, flexure bearings in optical alignment mechanisms, bicycle wheel hubs, and more. [source]

While the wheel is considered by many to be the first invention by early civilizations, the concept of the bearing technically has it beat. Since ancient times, humankind has worked to find and develop new ways to reduce friction.

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The structure that da Vinci sketched out consisted of two rings (known as races) that were above and below, as well as rolling balls (known as rolling elements) stuck between the rings and a “cage” so the balls do not come in contact with each other. [source]

Later on, the roller bearing was developed, which used a roller as its rolling element and was used for axles in horse-drawn carriages. The discovery of the bearing-based axle propelled a leap in movement and transportation.

Furthermore, bearings have played a key role in developing human civilization and are a crucial testament to the ingenuity of our ancestors and the discoveries they made.

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The Parisian bicycle mechanic Jules Suriray received a patent in 1869 for a radial ball bearing fitted into metal bicycles. The success of his improved design ended up creating several new types of metal ball bearings.

13. Remove races and clean the knuckle. Removing the bearing assembly's races usually means physically breaking them with a grinder or hammer and chisel. Because of this, you should have your replacement races ready. After removing the races, take the opportunity to clean the inside of the bearing assembly around the knuckle.

17. Once you’ve done all this, carefully lower the car back down to the ground. Using your jack, lower it and once all four wheels of the car are safely back on the ground slide it out carefully from underneath the car.

The first modern recorded patent on ball bearings was awarded to British inventor and iron-master Philip Vaughan. He patented the first design for ball bearings in 1794, which were designed to support a carriage axle. [source] The design allowed for ball bearings to run along a track, or ball race in an axle assembly, therefore making it possible for wheels to rotate freely.

In 1917, US bearing manufacturers created an informal group to aid bearing manufacturing for World War I. The foundation of the ABMA (American Bearing Manufacturers Association) led to the creation of the numbering system, which is still used throughout the globe today to produce and manufacture all types of standard bearings. [source]

One of the most notable discoveries in the Industrial Revolution was axles using bearings. Initially, the ball bearing was used for axles in bicycles, which used a ball as its rolling element, which became widely popular.

While this is the first recorded instance of humankind reducing friction, there are plenty of other records worldwide throughout history that differ in time periods and methods used.

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9. Remove the rotor. Hold the peg in the middle of the rotor assembly firmly with your thumb. Then, firmly but gently, hit the rotor itself with the palm of your other hand. This should loosen the wheel's outer bearing should or force it to fall out completely. Remove the outer bearing, and finally, remove the rotor itself.

These vital pieces of technology did not appear overnight when the creation of metal machines began. In fact, bearings have a long history of use that goes back to the stone age.

Scholars found a sketch of a bearing in one of his notebooks, which is now regarded as a symbol of ingenuity that birthed bearings that reduce friction.

According to Hartford Technologies, metallurgical processes improved as our understanding of chemistry widened. This led to harder, more wear-resistant materials and improved lubricants, making it possible for bearings to run at higher temperatures and speeds than ever before.

Caption: They’re usually hidden away behind your car’s wheel rims, but wheel bearings are vital to its smooth running. These are actually from roller skate wheels, but a car’s wheel bearings look much the same, apart from being much bigger.

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7. Remove the brake caliper. Using a socket and a ratchet, remove the bolts holding the brake caliper in place. Then remove the caliper itself using a screwdriver. When removing the caliper, take care not to let it dangle freely, as this can damage the brake hose. Instead, hook it over a secure part of the undercarriage or use a short length of string to tie it in place. A bungee cord or a bent coathanger are two items you could use to do this.

4. Loosen the lug nuts and lift the wheel using a jack: You will need the vehicle to be off the ground in order to have the right measure of access to the internal parts of the wheel. This is why the jack which is usually supplied with your car is such a useful little piece of kit. But before you hoist the car partly off the ground, it’s a good move to use the wrench - which should also be part of the same tyre replacement kit - to start to loosen the wheel nuts. It’s marginally easier while the car’s still on the ground, as it helps provide some resistance against which you can work while applying force on the lug wrench which you’ll need to help you loosen them. Importantly, make sure that you place the jack under the right part of your car before letting it take any weight. Importantly, make sure you know where the jacking points are on the inner sills of your car. These are reinforced and so designed to take the weight, but areas around them won’t be, so if you place the jack in the wrong place, you could damage the frame of your car - nasty!

1898 - First patent is issued for Timken Tapered roller bearings. In the following year, Henry Timken established his company.

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If you’ve ever seen a set of ball bearings, they are usually very small, but each one has a vital part to play. And for this reason alone, fitting new wheel bearings is a tricky job which is best carried out by a qualified and experienced mechanic.

If you notice a humming or whirring noise while you are driving or your ABS warning light comes on, it may be time to arrange wheel bearing replacement.

That’s right. According to a number of wall paintings depicting the pyramid construction, scholars have found depictions of logs being rolled underneath the massive stones. This was done to reduce friction and make transporting the hefty stones easier by exerting less force. [source]This method of transportation paved the way for the idea of using rolling elements, also known as rollers, in bearings.

1740 - John Harrison invents the first caged-roller bearing for H3 marine timekeeping. Little did he know, he used the same bearing in a contemporary regulatory clock.

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10. Unscrew the hub bolts and remove the old hub. The wheel bearing is inside the hub, which is usually held in place with several bolts which screw in from behind. These bolts can be tricky to reach because they're tucked away in the car’s underbody, so a skinny socket wrench and/or a breaker bar is recommended to loosen and remove them.

Insert bearings are easily mounted bearings that reduce friction and carry loads. They have inner diameters larger than the shaft on which they are installed ...

Bearings are part of our everyday life. It would be incredibly difficult to picture the modern world without them, especially in the industrial age.

By examining ancient Egyptian wall paintings, historians determined that the pyramids were built by standing massive, heavy stones atop one another.

Plus, bearings were an integral part of the Industrial Revolution, thanks to their role in allowing the machinery to operate efficiently.

But as part of our mission to de-mystify many of the jobs involved in looking after your car, MyCarNeedsA.com presents this brief, and hopefully easy to follow, guide to what fitting replacement wheel bearings involves.

Since bearings are vital to your customers' needs, it’s important to have a comprehensive understanding of how bearings were created and how they have evolved to provide us with the modern-day solution for various loads and jobs.

Note that if you've purchased a new hub assembly, at this point, you can install the new hub and put the wheel back together and you'll be finished. To install a new set of bearings inside the hub, read on.

5. Make sure the car is secure on the jack before removing the wheel: Or preferably you should use a purpose-made axle stand, which is designed to be able to take the weight of at least one end of your car.

The sketch da Vinci created is practically identical to the structure of bearings we use in the modern-day. This “basic bearing structure” of races, rolling elements, and a cage was thought up nearly 500 years ago thanks to the genius of Leonardo, and it pushed bearing technology forward in monumental proportions.

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Leonardo da Vinci, known as one of Italy's most influential Renaissance men, is considered the “father” of the modern bearing." Thanks to his insatiable curiosity, he left a significant impression on the world of art as well as the field of mechanical design.

1907 - Sven Wingquist of SKF invents new self-aligning ball bearings. This set a new standard of design, and from it, innovations popped up like the wire race bearing in 1934 and the vee groove bearing in 1968, respectively.

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Use lots of grease on the bearings, applying it by hand or with a special tool called a bearing packer. Rub plenty of extra grease around the outsides of your bearings and any sealing rings.

Warning - if the rotor gets stuck and you resort to a rubber mallet to hit it loose, this could damage the rotor - so only resort to this if you don’t plan to reuse the same rotor.

1869 - Parisian bicycle mechanic Jules Suriray receives the first patent for a radial ball bearing, which he fitted on the winning bike of the world's first bicycle race in Paris.

First, an important note. Every car is different, so the steps listed below are only a general guide and they will vary according to the vehicle. Always get help from a professional mechanic, as this will save time, head off the possibility of causing further problems with the car, and almost certainly save you money in the long run.

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In the 20th century, improvements in bearings directly led to advancements in the military, automotive, and machine tool industries. The array of choices for rolling elements expanded from balls to rollers, spherical rollers, and tapered rollers. Not to mention, bearings now could support combined loads (axial and radial) and withstand greater forces.

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1. Park the vehicle on a flat surface: As with most types of maintenance on any car, the safety of the person doing the work, and anyone who happens to be close by, is the most important factor. There is a risk when you start changing your wheel bearings that your vehicle might suddenly move or roll away. Before you begin, park your vehicle on a level surface.

Wheel bearings are a vital part of a vehicle's suspension, ensuring that the wheels and tyres stay as level as possible and can rotate smoothly and causing as little friction as possible.

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The 2000s - Now, we see the ball and roller bearings used in all kinds of industrial applications, from wheel bearings in the automotive industry to ultra-high-speed bearings used in dental drills and anything in between.

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Most wheel bearings on a car consist of a series of spherical steel balls, held in place by a metal track, called a race. Imagine a ball when it is rolling up the chute on a pinball machine - there will be many balls like one of these in each set of wheel bearings, while their movement is closely restricted by a set of metal rails on either side.

6. Unscrew the lug nuts and take off the wheel. If you loosened these earlier (see 4 above) this should make this easier. Keep them safe so that you don’t lose them - an upturned wheel cover could do the job - or just a saucer!

Wheel bearing replacement is a pretty common task carried out by a skilled and experienced mechanic, simply because the bearings do deteriorate and fail over time. Striking a kerb with some force can also cause wheel bearing damage, possibly prematurely. Otherwise, you’ll find a full rundown of what your car’s wheel bearings do in our earlier article here. This also includes the warning signals you need to be aware of which could suggest that you need to start investigating wheel bearing replacement.

Don’t leave it too late to start getting wheel bearing replacement quotes. Just register - for free - with MyCarNeedsA.com, then you can start posting details of jobs you need to have done on your car in minutes. All you have to do after that is watch as the quotes come in, and you can liaise directly with your chosen repairer to have the work done when it suits you.

3. Use wheel chocks to secure wheels whose bearings you aren't replacing: For added stability, it would be wise to use sturdy chocks to hold your vehicle's wheels in place. Put one under each of the wheels on which you won’t be working, as those on which you’ll be changing the wheel bearings will be lifted off the ground. For example, you would place wheel chocks behind the rear tyres if you are fixing a front wheel bearing and behind the front tyres if you are working on a rear wheel.

1794 - The first patent for the ball race was awarded to Philip Vaughn of Carmarthen, Wales. His design incorporated a ball running along a groove in an axle assembly.

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2600 BC - Ancient Egyptians used a form of roller bearings to assist in moving large stone pieces that were for the construction of the Pyramids.

Although we credit Leonardo da Vinci with discovering the basic bearing structure, the building and mass production of bearings was still an untouched matter. It’s not until the Industrial Revolution that bearings became widely used in machinery.

15. Replace all respective parts in reverse order. Now that you've changed the bearings, you basically just have to re-assemble your vehicle's wheel. Don't forget, however, that this means installing a new outer bearing after the rotor is in place. Put the hub assembly back together and install it on the axle shaft. Put the rotor back on and secure it back in place with its bolts. Install a new, well-greased outer bearing at this point.

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14. Install the new races and new wheel bearings. Secure the new races in place in the bearing assembly with a few taps from a hammer. Finally, grease a new inner bearing and install it in the assembly. Ensure the bearings are properly aligned, that they're pushed in as far as they can go, and that any sealing rings are flush with the outside of the assembly.

While bearings often go unnoticed in day-to-day life, it’s safe to say that our world would not be the same without the invention of bearings. The innovation that bearings brought on has allowed humankind to move heavy objects with ease and has created conveniences through modern machinery.

12. Dismantle the hub assembly. To gain access to the bearings, you'll need to take apart the hub. You'll probably need to use a wrench (and/or a hammer) to remove the end of the hub and any anti-lock brake wheel that may be part of your hub. A special tool may also be needed to remove the central bolt. Then, the bearing assembly should come apart easily.

The 1980s - Here, we saw the first bi-material plain bearing, which Robert Schroeder invented. Schroeder was the founder of Pacific Bearing.

Now that we’ve covered the timeline of bearing history, let’s dive into the more in-depth history behind how the idea of the first bearing was created and how it evolved to the modern-day types of bearings we use every day.

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Sven Winquist is known for his role in coming up with the design for self-aligning ball bearings, which revolutionized a new standard in terms of design. Winquist’s invention in 1907 led to a quick succession of innovations within the field, from the wire race bearing to the vee groove bearing. [source] The growing demand for ball bearings prompted the foundation of multiple specialty bearing companies.

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40 BC - An early known example of a wooden ball bearing was used to support a rotating table. This example was found in the remains of a sunken Roman ship in Lake Nemi, Italy.

1500 AD - Blueprint drawings and the early concept design of a helicopter by Leonardo da Vinci used ball bearings. This is the first known recorded use of bearings in aerospace design.