Who inventedbulb

This year in the World Cup, there is a new feature to the soccer ball – goal-line technology.  That’s right! The referees now wear a watch-like device which speaks to a sensor in the soccer ball and will tell the referee if the ball has crossed the goal line or not.  No need for instant replay here! There are some great science resources out there about the technology and science behind the ball.  A fascinating article from Compound Chemistry looks at the chemistry of the world cup ball – dubbed the “brazuca” – which is mostly made of polymers. MIT explains in this article how the ball swerves, while NASA has been involved in testing the ball using a wind tunnel and water channel:

A decade later, the English Football Association finally gave weight and size regulations for soccer balls to bring more consistency to the game.   They stated that the ball should be “spherical with circumference of 27 to 28 inches”, weight 13-15oz. Law of Football required it to also have an “outer casing of leather or other approved materials.”  This then lead to mass production of soccer balls—higher quality balls had leather hide from cow rump, lesser quality from had leather from the cow’s shoulder.  These were hand-stitched so there were still small variations and minor inconsistencies in the ball.  Another fun fact- the game of basketball was invented with this version of the soccer ball!

Who inventedbasketball

In the 1900’s soccer was becoming so popular that there was demand to make the balls stronger and more durable to withstand the toughest of play.  Until this time, soccer balls were made from leather-covered inner tubes or rubber bladders.  Now they were hand-stiching tanned leather panels and leaving a slit so that a synthetic bladder could be inserted into it.  These were considered works of art, but unfortunately still had inconsistencies and teams were lucky if a ball lasted through one game.  These balls would cause controversy as it was thought that having the skill to pick the right ball was just as important as one’s soccer playing skills.  This was the case in 1930 for the first World Cup – it is thought that the outcome of the game between Argentina and Uruguay was largely due to the quality of soccer ball each team was accustomed to.

What wasthefirstballsports

Perhaps the game of soccer isn’t meant to be perfect in all aspects—as it was first played there were a lot of inconsistencies and it seems as though there will always be some elements present that make the game play different every time.  Maybe we should leave the soccer ball as it is and focus on something different . . . super human cleats, perhaps?

Who inventedsoccer

There was another problem with these balls.  They tended to become waterlogged in rainy regions (like the UK).  In 1940 the soccer ball was given a strong layer in between the bladder and the outer covering to increase the durability of the ball, and synthetic, non-porous materials were used for the outer covering to make the ball waterproof, and a valve was added on the ball to replace the slit.

The pig’s bladder just wasn’t doing the trick for people, so in 1855 Charles Goodyear made the first vulcanized rubber soccer ball— this was a huge step as it started to standardize the size and shape of a soccer ball.  Pig’s bladders came in all different shapes and sizes and they were near IMPOSSIBLE to control!  You never knew where they would end up each time you kicked it. The next version of a soccer ball came in 1862, from H. J. Lindon.  He created an inflatable rubber bladder, which was much lighter than Goodyear’s rubber ball, and would retain its shape a bit better.

These great locations in high barrier-to-entry markets pave the way for the opportunity to revolutionize PREIT’s platform through densification opportunities inclusive of 5,000 – 7,000 residential units in the Philadelphia and Washington DC markets and 1,500-3,000 hotel units across a dozen properties.

Happy summer everyone; I hope you’re enjoying beautiful weather and being entertained by the awesomeness that is the World Cup.  I’m pretty confident that at least 99% of us played soccer when we were kids.  I know I did and still enjoy a pick-up game now and then.  Did you ever wonder why the soccer ball has the hexagonal shapes, and why the “traditional” ball is black and white?  I didn’t (I preferred some awesome colored soccer balls, to be honest) but I decided to have a look into the evolution of a soccer ball to see if there is rhyme and/or reason behind all the details (spoiler alert: there’s a lot of reason… not sure if there will be rhyming).

When were dance ballsinvented

Here at Malvern we have people rooting for all different teams.  USA, Argentina, Mexico, Brazil, the Netherlands, and more!  Stay tuned for a special update from our São Paulo office from the front lines of the World Cup, and in the meantime, enjoy the games!

The densification of PREIT’s assets is a great opportunity to continue to evolve our model, adding value and customers, while enhancing our capital position and diversifying our income stream. This is a natural next step in our continuous portfolio improvement and value creation endeavor, as we fortify our properties with new anchors and a compelling mix of first-to-market retail and experiential concepts offering new discoveries for consumers within our markets.

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Who invented ballfootball

Once the 1960s came, soccer balls were made completely from synthetic materials.  Architect R. Buckminster Fuller created the iconic soccer ball we all know and love using 20 hexagonal and 12 pentagonal pieces stitched together to form a sphere.  This is when the black pentagons were iconically added.  The reason for the black pieces was to allow players to learn how to curve a soccer ball and track its path.  It was called the “Buckeyball”, and this is the ball that is still being manufactured today.

Additional factors that might cause future events, achievements or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by our forward-looking statements include those discussed herein and in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 in the section entitled “Item 1A. Risk Factors.” We do not intend to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect new information, future events or otherwise.

This press release contains certain forward-looking statements that can be identified by the use of words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “may” or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, future plans, strategies, anticipated events, trends and other matters that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, achievements or results and are subject to risks, uncertainties and changes in circumstances that might cause future events, achievements or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. In particular, our business might be materially and adversely affected by changes in the retail and real estate industries, including consolidation and store closings, particularly among anchor tenants; current economic conditions and the corresponding effects on tenant business performance, prospects, solvency and leasing decisions; our inability to collect rent due to the bankruptcy or insolvency of tenants or otherwise; our ability to maintain and increase property occupancy, sales and rental rates; increases in operating costs that cannot be passed on to tenants; the effects of online shopping and other uses of technology on our retail tenants; risks related to our development and redevelopment activities, including delays, cost overruns and our inability to reach projected occupancy or rental rates; acts of violence at malls, including our properties, or at other similar spaces, and the potential effect on traffic and sales; our ability to sell properties that we seek to dispose of or our ability to obtain prices we seek; our substantial debt and the liquidation preference of our preferred shares and our high leverage ratio; our ability to refinance our existing indebtedness when it matures, on favorable terms or at all; our ability to raise capital, including through sales of properties or interests in properties and through the issuance of equity or equity-related securities if market conditions are favorable; and potential dilution from any capital raising transactions or other equity issuances.

Just imagine all the different ways one can still improve on the soccer ball?  I bet someone can characterize all the different materials used to create the ball and determine the perfect specifications for a ball that will be more sensitive to the angle at which it is kicked to allow for more precise “curving” by players.  Maybe a soccer ball with a material that will compensate for any moisture accumulation and automatically adjust weight distribution (ok, maybe that’s a bit of a stretch).

Back in medieval times there would be town-wide soccer games.  What did they use, a Nike soccer ball?  Perhaps an Adidas ball?  Nope.  They used animal skulls!  Or a pig’s bladder.  Can you imagine using a skull?  I am sure they didn’t wear cleats (studs) or have shin pads so that must have been either a very painful game or slow-moving game.  A pig’s bladder sounds like it would be much better than a skull but much, much less durable.  I’m not an expert on organs, but I feel like a bladder would not be very light or have much “spring” or “bounce” to it.

Philadelphia, PA, May 21, 2018 – PREIT (NYSE: PEI) today highlighted value in its high-quality portfolio concentrated in top markets.  This is the next step in the evolution of the Company’s strategy to create remarkable and innovative environments, with retail at the core, tailored to the dynamic communities they serve.  Over the past several years, the Company has continued to improve the quality of its portfolio through the disposition of low-productivity malls as well as an active remerchandising, redevelopment and anchor repositioning program.  The result of this effort is a portfolio that boasts 10 of 22 properties in Top 10 MSAs and strong demographic profiles.

PREIT (NYSE:PEI) is a publicly traded real estate investment trust that owns and manages quality properties in compelling markets. PREIT’s robust portfolio of carefully curated retail and lifestyle offerings mixed with destination dining and entertainment experiences are located primarily in the densely-populated eastern U.S. with concentrations in the mid-Atlantic’s top MSAs. Since 2012, the company has driven a transformation guided by an emphasis on portfolio quality and balance sheet strength driven by disciplined capital expenditures. Additional information is available at www.preit.com or on Twitter or LinkedIn.