IWA 15:2015 specifies methods for testing the volumetric performance of air-displacement, system-liquid filled and positive displacement automated liquid handling systems (ALHS), including an estimation of measurement uncertainties and established traceability to reference standards (preferably, traceability to SI Units). The testing methods specified in this document may also be used to measure the volumetric performance of automated liquid delivery systems which do not aspirate the test liquid. IWA 15:2015 also specifies statistical methods for the determination of random and systematic errors (including intra-plate and inter-plate comparisons), analysis of measured results when using multichannel dispensing heads, and analysis depending on dispense patterns. It further defines terms and formulae to be used for summarizing test results. IWA 15:2015 also specifies the information to be provided to users of ALHS, including the display of summary results and performance claims. IWA 15:2015 is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into microplates. Manipulation of the microplates on the deck of the automated liquid handling system may be achieved automatically, semi-automatically, or manually. IWA 15:2015 addresses the needs of: - suppliers of ALHS, as a basis for quality control including, where appropriate, the issuance of supplier's declarations; - test houses and other bodies, as a basis for independent certification and calibration; - users of the equipment, to enable calibration, verification, validation, and routine testing of trueness and precision. The tests established in this IWA should be carried out by trained personnel.

At Minit-Tune & Brake Auto Centres, we offer bumper-to-bumper repairs and maintenance inspections. Our technicians use only quality parts to ensure your car runs as efficiently as possible. Contact us at one of our many convenient locations across British Columbia and Calgary, or schedule an appointment online.

IWA 15:2015 is applicable to all ALHS with complete, installed liquid handling devices, including tips and other essential parts needed for delivering a specified volume, which perform liquid handling tasks without human intervention into microplates. Manipulation of the microplates on the deck of the automated liquid handling system may be achieved automatically, semi-automatically, or manually.

Learning when your wheel bearings need to be replaced can help you prevent dangerous driving situations and keep your car safely running.

1. There’s unusual tire wear. Abnormal tire wear may mean you have a problem with your wheel bearings. If you see unusual tread wear on your left tire, you may have a faulty left wheel bearing. Keep in mind, you can’t replace just one wheel bearing. If the left side goes, you need to replace the right side, too.

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IWA 15:2015 also specifies statistical methods for the determination of random and systematic errors (including intra-plate and inter-plate comparisons), analysis of measured results when using multichannel dispensing heads, and analysis depending on dispense patterns. It further defines terms and formulae to be used for summarizing test results.

- suppliers of ALHS, as a basis for quality control including, where appropriate, the issuance of supplier's declarations;

Never drive for any extended period with worn or broken wheel bearings. Here are some indicators that they need to be replaced.

4. You experience wheel wobble. A worn wheel bearing loose inside the hub will cause the vehicle’s steering wheel to feel different. In particular, your car’s steering may feel “loose” and not very responsive.

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Wheel bearings connect your car’s wheels to axles. They’re steel rings with small, lubricated steel balls inside them that allow the wheels to spin at high speeds with minimal friction. Although rare, faulty bearings can cause an entire wheel to fall off your car while you’re driving.

Uneven tire wear can be a sign of other problems (a wheel alignment may be needed, for example), so it’s best to get a professional to check it out.

3. The steering wheel vibrates. Worn-out wheel bearings will cause your steering wheel to vibrate. It’ll begin at slow speeds and get worse as you accelerate. If this occurs, get your steering and suspension checked by a mechanic to determine the nature of the problem.

IWA 15:2015 specifies methods for testing the volumetric performance of air-displacement, system-liquid filled and positive displacement automated liquid handling systems (ALHS), including an estimation of measurement uncertainties and established traceability to reference standards (preferably, traceability to SI Units). The testing methods specified in this document may also be used to measure the volumetric performance of automated liquid delivery systems which do not aspirate the test liquid.

2. You hear strange noises. Loud grinding or roaring sounds from the wheels are another sign of wheel bearing problems. If a bearing loses its lubrication, the metal inside grinds against the metal, producing an awful noise. See a mechanic if you hear these types of sounds.

IWA 15:2015 also specifies the information to be provided to users of ALHS, including the display of summary results and performance claims.

Here at Minit-Tune & Brake Auto Centres in British Columbia, we’re always pleased to help our customers get the most out of their cars and trucks. To that end, we’ll add a relevant blog topic from time to time to keep you up to date and getting the most out of your vehicle.

Wheel bearings last a long time. Their average lifespan is between 130,000 and 160,000 kilometres. How and where you drive and the quality of the bearing itself will determine the longevity of the component.

- users of the equipment, to enable calibration, verification, validation, and routine testing of trueness and precision.

5. The vehicle pulls when you brake. Another symptom of a worn wheel bearing is if the car pulls to one side when you apply the brakes. This can also indicate seized brake calipers or collapsed brake hoses, so it’s best to get a brake inspection at a trusted auto centre.