Aug 2, 2005 — The tech determined the problem to be the left front wheel bearing assembly (bearing noise) and ordered a new part.

Where L10 is how long 90% of all linear bearings put into the defined service will deliver. C = The system’s dynamic load capacity. P = The application’s applied load.

Now consider life equations that account for real-world conditions affecting the duration of a given linear system’s service. Rollon publishes a straightforward but more thorough life calculation that augments standard L10 calculations to let design engineers account for their application’s unique conditions and requirements.

Dynamic load capacity Fdyn values are tested, verified, and published by the linear-component manufacturer to indicate the constant-magnitude load normal to load-bearing elements that the component can withstand while still delivering the expected lifetime travel sans fatigue-induced flaking and other forms of mechanical degradation.

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Of course, not all power-transmission components used in motion designs contain rolling elements so L10 expressions aren’t universally applicable. Though beyond the scope of this article, it’s worth noting that the life of sliding-element mechanical components such as linear round-rail slides and dovetail slides is a function of pressure and velocity (PV) and other application values that are partially outlined by ISO technical committee (TC) 123.

For more information on linear motion components that can deliver long service life, visit rollon.com. Or to analyze ways to satisfy your own application’s required life, connect with a team of applications engineers, and explore the extensive capabilities of Rollon’s linear and multi-axis cartesian offerings, visit the myRollon online configurator.

Jul 25, 2024 — The L10 life rating indicates the predicted lifespan of a fan. It represents the number of operational hours at which 90% of a sample batch of ...

Many OEMs begin machine builds having a notion of the design’s required years of service. Rollon applications engineers can help correlate that value to a life value expressed as an axis’ payload-bearing carriage distance traveled before failure.

Another note of caution: Achieving anything near the unadjusted L10 projected life is usually impossible as linear bearings in real-world applications are subject to complex load distributions, contamination, variable temperatures, and chemicals as well as compromising mounting and lubrication routines.

ISO 13940:2015 defines a system of concepts for different aspects of the provision of healthcare. The core business in healthcare is the interaction between subjects of care and healthcare professionals. Such interactions occur in healthcare/clinical processes and are the justification for the process approach of ISO 13940:2015. To be able to represent both clinical content and clinical context, ISO 13940:2015 is related to a generic healthcare/clinical process model as well as comprehensive concept definitions and concept models for the clinical, management and resource aspects of healthcare services. In practice ISO 13940:2015 covers the concept definitions needed whenever structured information in healthcare is specified as a requirement. The definitions are intended to refer to the conceptual level only and not to details of implementation. ISO 13940:2015 will cover all levels of specifications in the development of logical reference models within the information viewpoint as a common basis for semantic interoperability on international, national or local levels, information systems, and information for specified types of clinical processes.

Sometimes more intuitive than L10 values are expressions of linear-design service life expressed in months or years. Converting between time-based expressions and L10 expressions (to confirm a selected actuator is suitable, for example) requires use of the application’s on-off or duty cycle. This duty cycle depends on the durations of required travel including active move and reversal periods to execute full and partial strokes, any dwells per hour, and daily hours operated — as in one, two, or three shifts per day, for example — minus any time allotted for operational holidays and maintenance or tool changeovers.

The service factor fi on the other hand accounts for shock loading and sudden reversals to which the actuator may be subject. This sometimes-unpredictable value is included in safety values as a ratings ratio of the baseline slow-moving or static load to the maximum combined static load (including shock). Anything beyond these values will cause plastic rolling-element and raceway deformation of 0.01% or more of the rolling-element diameter. Rollon recommends use of fi = 1.5 to 2 for slow-moving (<1 m/sec) and slow-reversing applications in clean settings without shocks and vibrations. Rollon recommends use of fi = 2 to 3 for moderate-speed (1 to 2 m/sec) and moderately-quick reversing applications involving slight vibrations. Rollon recommends use of fi of more than a value of 3 for high-speed (>2 m/sec) applications involving exposure to contamination, short strokes, shock and vibrations, and quick (α > 10 m/sec2) directional changes.

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Genuine NTN Bearing. Made in Japan. Used in planters, gauge wheel, rotary hoe and many other applications.

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logical reference models within the information viewpoint as a common basis for semantic interoperability on international, national or local levels,

The core business in healthcare is the interaction between subjects of care and healthcare professionals. Such interactions occur in healthcare/clinical processes and are the justification for the process approach of ISO 13940:2015. To be able to represent both clinical content and clinical context, ISO 13940:2015 is related to a generic healthcare/clinical process model as well as comprehensive concept definitions and concept models for the clinical, management and resource aspects of healthcare services.

The expected life of linear bearings containing rolling elements used so extensively in machine designs (like that for rotary bearings, ballscrews, and other components) is often expressed as an L10 (life-10%) value. For linear bearings based on rolling (not sliding) contact between subcomponents, this theoretical L10 value is defined by International Organization for Standardization publication ISO 14728-1 as:

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Features: Liquid or gas service; Set pressures from 10 to 6000 psig (0.68 to 413 bar); 1/4 and 1/2 in. and 6 to 12 mm end connections.

In practice ISO 13940:2015 covers the concept definitions needed whenever structured information in healthcare is specified as a requirement. The definitions are intended to refer to the conceptual level only and not to details of implementation. ISO 13940:2015 will cover all levels of specifications in the development of

The expression of life in cycles or distance per year allows verification of how many years a given actuator can reliably deliver high-performance motion.

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More specifically, Rollon life equations include the dynamic load rating Fdyn of the chosen actuator in the working axis direction, an equivalent acting load Peq that accounts for loads and moments in all directions, and a service factor fi to adjust for the level of shock and vibration an actuator will need to withstand. So, for an assembly containing ball-bearing linear-guide elements:

The 10/3 expression is used for linear bearings containing cylindrical rollers to bear the load; the cubed expression is used for linear bearings containing balls to bear the load.

One note of caution: Dynamic load capacities can be defined with 50 km or 100 km as the reference distance. Which reference distance is used depends on the manufacturer and (in some cases) even the specific product. So before making any calculations, design engineers should review manufacturer catalog pages relating to the exact product being specified to select the correct service-life equation. There is an ISO-defined dynamic-load rating conversion formula to switch between the two expressions, and some manufacturers do designate C50 and C100 to help avoid confusion.

Linear actuators made of a self-sustaining extruded aluminum frame and driven by a polyurethane belt with AT metric profile steel inserts.

Shown here is an exploded view of the Rollon R-Smart 160 linear actuator built to deliver long life even when tasked with transporting heavy payloads in various orientations and demanding work cycles. R-SMART-series actuators feature extruded and anodized aluminum self-supporting frames from 120 to 220 mm and dual rails traversed by four or more recirculating-ball-bearing blocks.

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The Bearing Calculator dialog box calculates bearing capacity ratings and basic life values. To display this dialog box, click Bearing Calculator.

Assume we’re specifying a linear actuator containing a motor-driven belt drive that must jog a non-cantilevered 2-kg payload back and forth over a 500-mm axis within a 2-sec cycle time punctuated by 1-sec pauses. Also assume the supplier has pre-integrated a motor, rotary bearing, coupling, belt drive, and sealing system capable of satisfying all target applications’ requirements. If our actuator runs 16 hours a day 365 days a year and must perform without failure for one decade, it must make 70,080,000 cycles and travel some 70,080 km. As generated by the design configurator at my.rollon.com, possible solutions for this design include a:

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