Condition monitoring lets your facility go from a reactive approach to more of a predictive maintenance program. Once in place, condition monitoring provides you with 24/7 measurements, showcasing a clear picture of the health of your machines without adding additional labor.

Condition monitoringtechniques pdf

Condition monitoring techniques are standardized through ISO and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). ASTM outlines a variety of standards, mostly dealing with condition monitoring for in-service lubricants, while ISO standards 13372, 18436, 17359 and 13381 (among others) specify the guidelines for condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines.

Note: This isn’t because we inherently don’t like mechanics or mechanical choices. It’s because the actual rote execution of the mechanic is usually not the interesting bit of the game and you want to get to the next interesting bit (which can just as easily be another mechanical choice as a cool character detail or dramatic dilemma). There are also MANY exceptions that prove this rule. For example, knowing when to build the stakes up around a specific, momentous die roll so that everyone at the table is holding their breath through every jittering bounce of the polyhedron can be a very effective technique.

Condition monitoring systems rely on visual data gathered from multiple sensors integrated with a software system. This means an added cost of purchasing and installing these sensors, as well as purchasing the tools necessary for condition monitoring (vibration analysis, infrared thermographers, etc.). There's also the added cost of training employees to use condition monitoring technology accurately and effectively.

So a very large part of being a great GM is developing the tools and techniques to keep things moving and to keep the players engaged at the table. I’ve already written a whole series about the pacing of narrative elements, but effective pacing also includes the more practical elements of managing the moment-to-moment details of the conversation at the game table.

Condition monitoringvibration analysis

The P-F curve is a graph showing an asset's health over time to determine the interval between potential failure (P) and functional failure (F). Potential failure is defined as the initial point at which an asset starts deteriorating or failing. For instance, a history of recorded bearing failures could tell you that the bearing typically fails after its temperature exceeds 70 degrees. Functional failure is the point at which an asset has reached the limit of its usefulness and is no longer operational. For example, you have around five days from when the bearing temperature surpasses 70 degrees to when it fails. The P-F curve is set on an x-axis to measure time and a y-axis to quantify the asset's condition. In this example, you should be inspecting the bearing every two to three days.

One of the most useful pre-rolling techniques for me is to roll initiative for NPCs when I prep for the session. If they don’t get into combat or circumstances change (e.g. they’re surprised or something) it’s not a huge loss, but it speeds things up significantly and means that I can start sorting out the turn order as soon as players roll.

But you can also use this technique with disparate stat blocks and/or bad guys attacking different targets. You just need to figure out how to assign the dice in front of you:

Color coding. Use dice with different colors and assign those colors to the different attacks. In my experience, this tends to work best when you can make long-term color assignments. (For example, when I make iterative attacks in 3rd Edition I use red dice for the first attack, black dice for the second attack, and blue for the third.)

Do you have an internet connection and power capabilities in the area near your equipment? If not, that is an extra cost you'll need to factor into the overall budget.

On the GM side of the screen, you’ll often be making rolls for a whole gaggle of NPCs. Stop rolling them one at a time! If you’ve got five bad guys who are all attacking, scoop up five dice and roll all those attacks at the same time!

Condition monitoringexamples

Reading this, I have to say I’m amused how Savage Worlds advertises itself with the tagline “Fast. Furious. Fun.” and yet quite honestly is bad at streamlining its dice rolls. A single attack involves five dice (Usually 2D6 and 3 others that depend on a different value on your character sheet each), all of which can explode, and that you have to interpret using a complicated decision tree (two are the attack roll (take highest), the rest is damage (add), but one of the damage dice is only added if the attack roll is very good. And if the attack non-D6 shows a 1, you have to report that because it’s a minor fumble). And of course you should have a decision point of spending a point to re-roll the attack part before seeing the damage roll. Not that Savage Worlds isn’t fun (there’s lots of cheering around the table on a doubly exploding D12, or lots of anxious groaning when the GM just doesn’t stop rolling behind the screen and you just know there is going to be a 34 damage attack coming from a 2D6 damage weapon), but it’s certainly not as streamlinable as the D20+mod of DnD.

What are the 5 elements ofcondition monitoring

There are a number of ways that you can do this, but today we’ll focus on one of the easiest: Rolling multiple dice at the same time.

Condition Monitoring is the measuring of specific equipment parameters, noting signs of any significant changes that could be indicative of an impending failure.

Condition monitoring techniques are typically used on rotating equipment (gearboxes, reciprocating machines, centrifugal machines, etc.), backup or secondary systems, and other machinery such as compressors, pumps, electric motors, presses and internal combustion engines.

Note: Sometimes when I describe this technique, people will express concern about the possibility of cheating – e.g., assigning your best rolls to the bad guy with the most powerful attacks or whatever. Basically… don’t do that. If you want to cheat (and you shouldn’t), there are ways to do it with a lot less rigamarole.

I have a collection of dice with 8d6 all orange in color, 8d8 llc green in color, and so on for each die size. When I need to grab 10d10 (for a mass roll, per above article) it is very fast and easy to do so.

Consider this scenario: You take your car in for its regularly scheduled maintenance. Two weeks later, it breaks down due to a completely different issue. Just like cars, machines are vulnerable to these random, unpredictable failures. Certain types of maintenance, like reliability-centered maintenance and predictive maintenance, are based on the principle that failure isn't always linear and requires analysis of several asset aspects to detect possible failure indications. This is why condition monitoring is so useful: it lets you monitor multiple facets at once using the techniques discussed above.

@xercies, if you wanted to take the time, a roll by the DM with a monster’s stat as a bonus, against a DC set by the player character, can be equivalently replaced by a roll by the player with their character’s bonus, against a DC set by the monster’s stat. Then the player can go ahead and pre-roll it, and tell you “I beat DC 17” or whatever. Might be worth it for specific combat spells they like to rely on? (I’m not suggesting you convert the whole PHB or anything.)

Geometric reading. This is a similar technique, but rather than linearly assigning the dice, I’ll equate the cluster of the dice on the table to the grouping of the bad guys in the game world. A simple version of this is to take a left-to-right reading of the dice, as above, and then, similarly, look at the bad guys on the battlemap left-to-right from my point of view. But you might also look at the battlemap (or imagine the scene in your mind’s eye) and see that the bad guys are arranged in two ranks with three of them in the front rank, so you just grab the three dice closest to you for their attacks.

The most important thing with these techniques is to not over-think it: Whatever method you’re using, quickly shift the dice for clarity (if at all) and then move immediately to resolution.

Possibly the single most important skill for a GM is pacing: Cool challenges, awesome drama, incredible roleplaying, stunning set pieces, breathtaking props. These are all great. But they can be rendered almost irrelevant if your sessions are bloated with boredom or choked with dead air. It won’t necessarily kill your game deader than a doornail, but the constant drag from poor pacing will make everything else a little harder and a little worse.

Condition monitoring tools that spit out data in real time enable you to determine the root cause of an issue quicker, and wireless sensors on assets automatically connect employees with real-time data via remote access using smartphones or tablets.

If you’re concerned, hard-coded color coding avoids the issues entirely. In practice, it’s not really a problem: When I’m assigning the dice, I’m treating them as objects. It’s only after I quickly and definitively shift them to the appropriate stat blocks that I actually starting processing the numbers on the dice.

Condition monitoring is a big component of predictive maintenance. The data collected from condition monitoring over time provides valuable information about the current and historical state of an asset. This evolution of a machine can be used to anticipate how the asset will perform over time and how it might degrade, allowing for the scheduling of maintenance based on these predictions. This is known as predictive maintenance – maintenance based on what failures may occur and what maintenance should be scheduled to prevent such failures from occurring.

What’s really great is when you get a group of players who are mature enough and trusted enough that they can ALSO use this technique without any problems. I can’t express how amazing it can be to say, “Okay, David, what you are you doing?” and for David to immediately say, “I’m attacking the ogre, hitting him for 32 damage.” (In this case, David has also used an open difficulty number to good effect.)

I might start pre-rolling a few rounds worth of attacks and damage for them as well. Making it easier for the NPC turns to become a case of simply narrating the results without having to fiddle around with rolls in the middle.

You can also flip this around and group according to target. So if the PCs are standing three abreast in a dungeon corridor, for example, the dice on the left will be those that target the PC on the left, and so forth.

Hey this idea of switching from monster saving throws to PC attack rolls – are there other things tied to saving throws or attack rolls that come into play? As per @volanin etc. For example, are there such things are critical spell attacks? IIRC, right now there are, but only for those spells where attack rolls are made. But does this open up, say, Disintegrate to potentially doing 20d6 + 40 damage?

Additionally, condition monitoring sensors might have trouble working properly under especially harsh operating conditions. Such conditions can damage sensors, forcing you to replace them on a more regular basis than anticipated.

And you get to blast away this useless Spell Save DC which starts at 8 instead of 10, making the system simpler and, arguably, more in line with previous versions.

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Is your equipment indoors or outdoors? Outdoor environments can limit the ability to get an internet connection wherever the equipment is located. Additionally, outdoor settings inflict harsher conditions on sensors and other condition monitoring equipment, so you may need to consider weatherproof or more durable sensors.

This, obviously, assumes that you’re playing a game like D&D that has a randomized component to damage. But it broadly applies to any mechanic that uses two-step rolling: These mechanics rarely have a decision point between the two rolls, so there’s no reason not to make both rolls at the same time.

One thing I find that mechanically gums up D&D 5E mechanics wise is spellcasting. Everything seems to need a separate rule to work, or to roll a DC against a separate monster stat. And it slows down everything so much, and it’s annoying because you want to as a GM streamline that crap but it’s nearly impossible because of the aforementioned every spell has a different rule.

My favorite application of geometric reading is a mechanic our group calls “Roll with uncertainty.” When I ask for a check like stealth, knowledge, insight, where I want to shield the player from metagame knowledge on if they were successful/to what degree, we “Roll with uncertainty.” The player rolls 4d20 and then tells me what their modifier is (with a +5 if they have advantage), and I roll a d4 behind the scene. Then I read from left to right and use the result given by the d4.

One thing that I’ve due that saves me loads of time is not rolling for damage. Every monster or NPC stat block has the average number next to the amount of damage they’re supposed to roll on a given attack, just use that number instead of rolling (sword does 1d6+2 (5) damage). You save time of time rolling then adding.

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You may be familiar with the term "portable machine diagnostics," where portable equipment is used to read data from mounted sensors. This is another way to describe a type of online condition monitoring.

To run a con game of Delta Green I once printed out a sheet of random percentile rolls and crossed ’em off as I went. I had told the players I’d make their mental stress rolls and track it for them (in small part so players didn’t know how close to the edge they were and in large part so I didn’t have to go over the rules multiple times) so I knew I know there would be times I’d need several rolls at once.

Condition monitoringtechniques in maintenance

… spellcaster players roll their Spell Attack as D20+ABILITY+PROF, and monsters have a DC of 14+SAVE. As @croald said, it’s mathematically equal, but feels a lot different!

There are a variety of machine condition monitoring types and techniques, each serving a different role for collecting data. Below are the most common types.

Of course, this can only take you so far. However, once you’ve more or less maximized your efficiency in mastering the rules, you can still push things farther still by multitasking – i.e., resolving multiple mechanical interactions wholly or in part simultaneously.

On the other hand, trying to remember that the ogre was blue, the goblin was red, the other goblin was purple, and… Wait was the ogre purple and the second goblin blue? … Yeah, it tends to bog down. There are workarounds for this (or maybe your memory is just better than mine), but you may want to use a different technique for assignments that vary from one encounter to the next.

This technique of rolling fistfuls of dice is often only use to the GM, but there are systems where it may be useful to also teach it to your players. For example, the aforementioned iterative attacks of D&D 3rd Edition: The groups where I can get the players to simultaneously roll all their color-coded attack dice and matching-colored damage dice at the same time sees combat resolve MUCH more quickly than in the groups where I can’t make that happen.

Ultrasound typically is applied in the shock pulse method (SPM) for condition monitoring – a technique using signals coming off rotating bearings as the baseline for efficient monitoring of machines. For example, imagine a metal ball hitting a metal bar. When the ball contacts the bar, a pressure wave spreads through both materials. The pressure wave is quickly damped out (transient). When the front of the pressure wave hits the shock pulse transducer, it causes a damped-out, back-and-forth movement of the transducer's mass. When the oil film on a bearing is thick, the shock pulse level is low (showing low peaks); when the level increases, the oil film thickness is reduced.

Condition monitoringof electricalequipment

Once the appropriate sensors are mounted on the asset in the correct spot, they can be wirelessly connected to a remote condition monitoring system where they will display real-time data. Most systems can integrate multiple types of sensor data (vibration, thermography, acoustics, etc.), so at any given time, you can get a snapshot of your asset's current condition. Online condition monitoring also lets you set up real-time alerts for remote devices or email.

The industrial internet of things (IIoT) is essentially a network of interrelated devices on mechanical and digital machines that give you the ability to transfer data over a large network without needing human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Modern condition monitoring systems use the IIoT to integrate numerous types of monitoring software into one system in real time, from anywhere in the world and across multiple devices.

A large part of this efficiency, of course, is simply knowing the rules. But it can also be techniques that let you essentially fake knowing the rules – like using a cheat sheet, prepping your scenario notes using a hierarchy of reference, or identifying the rules guru at the table who you can provide that mastery by proxy.

Read left to right. When you roll the dice, they’re generally going to scatter across the table. I tend to roll across the table in front of me (instead of in a straight line onto the table), so my dice tend to spread out left-to-right. I can then just “read” the dice left to right – assigning them to the bad guys on my list in the same order.

How often do you plan to review the data? Generally, the more frequently you need to review data, the more bandwidth/data storage is required. You can also purchase a system that allows you to set predetermined times for when data is reviewed. For example, maybe you only want to check a certain asset at the beginning of a shift and review the data twice a day but still receive alerts when the data exceeds the preset limits.

Tip: One work-around that DOES work smoothly, though, is when you’re rolling for two groups of bad guys that are numerically distinct – five goblins and three ogres, for example. Roll five blue dice for goblins and three black dice for ogres and there’s really no confusion about which color goes with which group. This might also be “the five halflings attacking Alaris and the three halflings attacking Dupre.”

The method and frequency of monitoring make a difference in the length of the P-F interval, according to Dale Blann, CEO of Marshall Institute. Blann says technology-based online condition monitoring provides the greatest P-F intervals and is less disruptive than other types of inspections like offline inspections where machines are generally shut down.

I’m also a big fan of having a chart of pre-rolled random encounter checks so that I can look ahead and see “if they continue on this road, they’ll have an encounter in about a day” — it gives me a little bit of space to help the random encounter come up more naturally, and streamlines all of the “no encounter during this watch” stuff.

Often these bad guys are all using the same stat block and may even be attacking the same target, so it won’t really matter which die gets assigned to which bad guy. (You can almost think of a mob of eight goblins in melee as just being one mass that makes eight simultaneous attack rolls.)

Condition monitoring via these two methods provides an inside look at how your machines and/or components are currently operating and, over time, offers a historical account of machine health.

A final dice trick for speeding up resolution is to pre-roll the dice. For example, while the PC wizard is counting up his fireball damage you look ahead and see that the horde of goblins is going next: You know that regardless of the fireball, they’re going to attack the paladin. So you can scoop up those d20s, roll them, and have them ready to go once you’ve finished adjudicating the fireball.

I use home-made ones: a circle of colored paper slightly larger in diameter than the base of the mini, blue-tacked to the bottom of the base.

@xercies, I use exactly this technique @croald mentioned in my D&D 5E table to an absurdly great success: instead of players calculating the Spell Save DC as 8+ABILITY+PROF, and each monster rolling D20+SAVE…

IIoT-connected condition monitoring systems enable organizations to easily monitor several facets of each asset and identify performance, detect issues and even automatically schedule maintenance based on preset limits. Some of the biggest advantages of IIoT-connected condition monitoring include:

When building an IIoT-connected condition monitoring system, a few things should be considered before sensors and other equipment are purchased. It's important to take into account the type of equipment you will be monitoring, the data variables (what information you want to collect) and how you'll use the data.

I’m not sure this really needs more explanation: Do it just a few times and you’ll quickly realize how much time you’re saving. Teach your players to do it, too! In a typical combat with fifteen combatants, your group will be making ninety attack rolls (or more!). If you’re saving just four seconds per roll, that adds up to 5 minutes per combat. Running three or four combats per session? That’s fifteen or twenty extra minutes of play!

When it comes to mechanics, this often just boils down to resolving things swiftly and efficiently: Virtually any time that you’re interacting with the mechanics, the right answer is to move through the interaction as quickly as possible.

Condition monitoring is defined as the measuring of specific equipment parameters, such as vibrations in a machine, its temperature or the condition of its oil, taking note of any significant changes that could be indicative of an impending failure. Continuously monitoring the condition of equipment and taking note of any irregularities that would normally shorten an asset's lifespan allows maintenance or other preventive actions to be scheduled to address the issue(s) before they develop into more serious failures.

Unsurprisingly, condition monitoring can lend itself to many benefits, including decreased maintenance costs, reduced downtime, extended asset life and cost savings on prematurely changed resources. For example, your condition monitoring system measures the amount of noise produced by a component. Over time, you notice a trend of machine failure soon after the noise level on the component reaches a certain level. Because you have a condition monitoring system in place, you can now set an alert on that component when it hits that noise level, which, in turn, lets maintenance personnel know they might want to consider replacing the component.

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Condition monitoring plays a significant role in detecting the P-F interval of the P-F curve. The P-F interval is the time between an asset's potential failure and its functional predicted failure. The idea is that your inspection interval should be smaller than the P-F curve to catch a failure before it occurs. Using condition monitoring lets you gauge an asset's condition, maximizing the P-F interval. Monitoring things like oil sampling and analysis, acoustic emission analysis, vibration analysis and infrared thermography are all condition monitoring-based techniques to give you an inside look at a machine's current condition.

@TZC, I’d say no, treat it as the same test, just have the player roll instead of the DM. But hey man, it’s your game. If it seems fun to houserule that Disintegrate can do critical damage, go for it.

That is, convert the monster’s saving throw into a PC skill check. The odds of success don’t change, but it also has the benefit of focusing attention on the actions of the hero. “I’m so awesome I beat their high defence” feels different from “I cast the standard spell and the monster whiffed its save” even if mechanically they’re equivalent.

Modern technology has taken condition monitoring online (as will be discussed later), so internet-enabled and wireless-connected sensors and software provide real-time measurements around the clock. These measurements are relayed to integrated software for analysis and the storing of historical datasets.

And when you get a whole sequence of players doing the same thing – pre-rolling attacks, pre-rolling fireball damage, etc. — it can be like you’re playing a totally different game! You can just roar through the mechanical portion of combat, which then immediately opens up all kinds of space for the group to instead focus on the strategic choices, dramatic dilemmas, and narrative description of the conflict!