It depends on the contours of this wedge; as this cam oscillates in the horizontal direction, the follower will oscillate in the vertical direction along with this prismatic pair or this guide.

When two links are joined either along a line or at a point, it is called a high pair. Two such high pairing mechanisms will be incorporated into the cam-follower system. A high pairing mechanism is known as a cam and follower.

The base circles are the smallest circles that can be drawn with the cam center as a center and touching cam profile, this circle we call the base circle. Therefore, the radius of the base circle, which we call Rb, is called the radius of the base circle.

Camandfollower mechanismexamples

If the follower has linear motion, it is referred to as a translational follower, one of the different types of cams and followers used in mechanical systems. Now for a translating follower, i.e., the axis of that prismatic pair passes through the cam center; we call it radial translating.

This pair of high links are used to move links spontaneously or periodically. However, cam and follower mechanisms are also used by engineers to ensure zero or minimum degree of error, showcasing the precision of these components in various applications.

The vertical components will be Fn cos φ; if the φ is very large, then these verticals components will be reduced. As a result, during the upward movements, the pressure angle should be low, & during the return movement, φ can be large, so φmax is more critical during the upward movement.

In addition, the mechanism is often used by engineers as a part of the I.C.E.s timing system. In addition, cam-follower mechanisms are used to drive fuel pumps in the automotive industry. Also, when multiple cams are included within the same shaft, it is called a camshaft.

The prime circle is the smallest circle that can be drawn with the cam center as the center and tangent to the pitch curve. The base circle is a smaller circle touching the cam profile and is used to define the cam’s radial dimensions.

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A cam and follower mechanism is a mechanical system where a cam (a rotating or oscillating component) converts rotational motion into linear motion through its interaction with a follower. This mechanism is widely used in various applications, including automotive engines and automated machinery.

The cam rotates or oscillates, and its profile interacts with the follower to convert rotational motion into linear or oscillatory motion. The design of the cam profile determines the movement characteristics of the follower.

What about a CV joint? A popping or clicking noise when turning is a classic symptom of a bad outer CV joint. The noise will also increase as the steering angle is increased. Also, note the condition of a CV joint boot. If it is torn or leaking, the boot should be replaced regardless of the state of the joint. If the CV joint is noisy, it will need to be replaced. What about play in the bearing and flange? Raise the vehicle so the wheel is off the ground and then grab at the 12 and six o’clock positions and rock the tire back and forth. As a rule, you should not feel any play or looseness if the vehicle has a sealed wheel bearing cartridge or hubs with a sealed wheel bearing assembly. A little play is normal on older vehicles with serviceable wheel bearings, but a lot of play is not. Refer to the vehicles service specifications for the maximum amount of acceptable play. Wheel bearing play can be measured with a dial indicator by placing the dial indicator against the wheel flange and rocking it back-and-forth and in-and-out by hand. As a rule, you should see no more than five thousandths of an inch of run out if the bearings are good. What about the road surface? Bearing noise should never be intermittent, but the noise can change due to the harmonics and how the driver hears the road noise due to the road surface. This is why the customer interview is so important. Ask the customer: What does the noise sound like? When does the noise occur? What speed does the noise occur? And, does the noise change when breaking or turning? You should not interrupt the customer or try to diagnose the problem noise during the interview. Always take notes. If you just write on the repair order “Customer states they hear wheel bearing noise,” or “Check for wheel bearing noise,” you’re probably not going to get a proper diagnosis, and this will typically lead to an unhappy customer and an even unhappier technician. I’m Andrew Markel. Thank you very much. This video is sponsored by BCA Bearings by NTN.

The smallest circle can be drawn with the cam center as the center and tangent to the pitch curve. This circle has a center on the cam-shaft axis and is tangent to the pitch curve.

The follower, a crucial component in the system, can be categorized into types of followers in cam, each with unique characteristics and applications.

The tire and wheel assembly can have balance issues that can cause noise proportional to vehicle speed. If you see a wheel that is missing a wheel weight, it could a static or dynamic balance issue. Your best bet might be to use a balancer and see how bad the imbalance is. Also, on a balancer, you can measure rim run out. If the wheel assembly has a high spot as the area comes in contact with the road, it will produce a noise proportional to vehicle speed.

Cam mechanism

This design allows cam follower bearings to handle high radial loads while accepting extreme shock loads without the risk of fracturing a softcore part, depending on the application. This pair of high links are used to move links spontaneously or periodically.

If this cam rotates based on the profile or shape of the cam, the follower will have translational motion along with this prismatic pair between the fixed link and the follower. So in the uniform rotational motion of this cam, there will be an oscillation of the follower along with the guide.

The follower is hinged to a roller and is in contact with the roller cam; this is called a roller follower. It is the cam that spins, and the follower that is on here oscillates. It is used when a large power has to be transmitted like in stationary IC engines.

If the input link is called cam also rotates as angular momentum, then cam has rotational or angular momentum, and then we call it as radial cam. A body with this profile is called a cam. It consists of a fixed link with an inverted pair which is the foundation or fixed link.

If the follower has only a knife-edge with the cam, then we call it a knife-edge follower. The knife-edge is only theoretical as a knife-edge follower is never used due to the very high wear rate. contact stress will be too high

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What about play in the bearing and flange? Raise the vehicle so the wheel is off the ground and then grab at the 12 and six o’clock positions and rock the tire back and forth. As a rule, you should not feel any play or looseness if the vehicle has a sealed wheel bearing cartridge or hubs with a sealed wheel bearing assembly. A little play is normal on older vehicles with serviceable wheel bearings, but a lot of play is not. Refer to the vehicles service specifications for the maximum amount of acceptable play. Wheel bearing play can be measured with a dial indicator by placing the dial indicator against the wheel flange and rocking it back-and-forth and in-and-out by hand. As a rule, you should see no more than five thousandths of an inch of run out if the bearings are good.

The follower surface that is in contact with the cam as a flat surface is called a flat face follower. The trailing surface may also be a curved surface rather than a plane. It is the cam that rotates and the follower that rests here that oscillates, so it is called a curved face.

Could the noise be in the tires? Tire noise is always proportional to vehicle speed. The noise generated by a tire can be caused by uneven tread patterns, tire construction and even wheel imbalance. This is typically due to missing tire rotations, or, in some rare cases, a shifted belt or a damaged construction. Visually inspect the tire and run your hands over the tire’s tread to detect uneven blocks or feathering of the inner or outer shoulders of the tire. Spin the wheel and look for excessive radial run out with your eye if possible. The tire and wheel assembly can have balance issues that can cause noise proportional to vehicle speed. If you see a wheel that is missing a wheel weight, it could a static or dynamic balance issue. Your best bet might be to use a balancer and see how bad the imbalance is. Also, on a balancer, you can measure rim run out. If the wheel assembly has a high spot as the area comes in contact with the road, it will produce a noise proportional to vehicle speed. What about the brakes? A caliper that is sticking, or a brake pad that is loose and dragging, may make a metallic scraping noise as it rubs against the brake rotor or dust shield. The frequency of the noise will also change proportional to vehicle speed, but will often go away or change when the brakes are lightly applied. Noise that occurs only when the driver is braking likely is a brake problem such as worn pads and not a bad wheel bearing. What about a CV joint? A popping or clicking noise when turning is a classic symptom of a bad outer CV joint. The noise will also increase as the steering angle is increased. Also, note the condition of a CV joint boot. If it is torn or leaking, the boot should be replaced regardless of the state of the joint. If the CV joint is noisy, it will need to be replaced. What about play in the bearing and flange? Raise the vehicle so the wheel is off the ground and then grab at the 12 and six o’clock positions and rock the tire back and forth. As a rule, you should not feel any play or looseness if the vehicle has a sealed wheel bearing cartridge or hubs with a sealed wheel bearing assembly. A little play is normal on older vehicles with serviceable wheel bearings, but a lot of play is not. Refer to the vehicles service specifications for the maximum amount of acceptable play. Wheel bearing play can be measured with a dial indicator by placing the dial indicator against the wheel flange and rocking it back-and-forth and in-and-out by hand. As a rule, you should see no more than five thousandths of an inch of run out if the bearings are good. What about the road surface? Bearing noise should never be intermittent, but the noise can change due to the harmonics and how the driver hears the road noise due to the road surface. This is why the customer interview is so important. Ask the customer: What does the noise sound like? When does the noise occur? What speed does the noise occur? And, does the noise change when breaking or turning? You should not interrupt the customer or try to diagnose the problem noise during the interview. Always take notes. If you just write on the repair order “Customer states they hear wheel bearing noise,” or “Check for wheel bearing noise,” you’re probably not going to get a proper diagnosis, and this will typically lead to an unhappy customer and an even unhappier technician. I’m Andrew Markel. Thank you very much. This video is sponsored by BCA Bearings by NTN.

If it is a flat face follower, the tracepoint we use is the point on the face of the follower that is in contact with the cam surface when the follower is at one of the extreme positions; we usually use that extreme—position when follower to nearest cam center.

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Cam followervs lifter

Followers are built with special cam follower bearings to make this shifting possible. Cam follower bearings, also known as track followers, can come in a variety of designs but are usually made with an extra thick outer ring.

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Camandfollowerreal life examples

The location of the center of the roller will produce a curve that is parallel to the cam profile. After kinetic inversion with the cam fixed, it is the location of the tracepoint or roller center.

During the upward movement, the follower does not only have to overcome these two friction forces but to get rid of the spring force.

Types ofcamandfollowerpdf

Factors include the type of cam and follower, the motion profile required, load handling capabilities, frictional forces, and the design of the cam profile to ensure smooth operation and minimal wear.

What about the brakes? A caliper that is sticking, or a brake pad that is loose and dragging, may make a metallic scraping noise as it rubs against the brake rotor or dust shield. The frequency of the noise will also change proportional to vehicle speed, but will often go away or change when the brakes are lightly applied. Noise that occurs only when the driver is braking likely is a brake problem such as worn pads and not a bad wheel bearing.

In an IC engine, the valves have to be kept open; First, then turn it off and keep it closed; all these time operations can be set easily by a cam-follower mechanism. In the case of linkages, we study planar linkages or two-dimensional linkages, and more.

The pitch curve is the locus of points on the follower that describes its motion relative to the cam profile. It is parallel to the cam profile and helps in designing the cam’s shape.

The classic symptom of a bad wheel bearing is typically a cyclical chirping, squealing or growling noise that changes proportional to vehicle speed. The sound may disappear at some speeds, or occur only at certain speeds. The noise may get worse when turning, or it may disappear momentarily. So, it’s challenging to make a diagnosis based on noise alone. Components like tires, CB joints and brakes can mimic wheel bearing noise. This is why interviewing the customer, going for a test drive and performing a rigorous visual inspection are critical to resolving the customer complaint.

The disc or plate cam is one of the various cam types in which the follower moves radially from the center of rotations of the cam. This cam is very popular due to its simple design & compactness, which can be fitted in remote locations. Disc or plate cams have applications in IC engines and machine tools.

It may touch the surface profile of the cam or may be spring-loaded. It may have a uniform velocity or a uniform acceleration speed. With the help of trailing motion, complex output motion can be obtained.

This circle is called the prime circle. If the base circle radius is Rb and Rr is the roller radius, then the prime circle radius is Rp = Rb + Rr.

The other has a cylinder as the working surface. In this type of cam, the spring-loaded follower translates into a cylinder rotating along the parallel axis.

Cam followerbearing

What about the road surface? Bearing noise should never be intermittent, but the noise can change due to the harmonics and how the driver hears the road noise due to the road surface. This is why the customer interview is so important. Ask the customer: What does the noise sound like? When does the noise occur? What speed does the noise occur? And, does the noise change when breaking or turning? You should not interrupt the customer or try to diagnose the problem noise during the interview. Always take notes. If you just write on the repair order “Customer states they hear wheel bearing noise,” or “Check for wheel bearing noise,” you’re probably not going to get a proper diagnosis, and this will typically lead to an unhappy customer and an even unhappier technician. I’m Andrew Markel. Thank you very much. This video is sponsored by BCA Bearings by NTN.

However, cam and follower mechanisms are also used by engineers to ensure zero or minimum degree of error, showcasing the precision of these components in various applications.

If space is limited, then we can use a flat face follower if the force involved is not very large as we did in the case of automobiles.

To define the pitch curve, think of the kinetic inverse. In the kinetic inverse, it is a four-link mechanism, fixed link, cam, roller, and follower. In this four-link mechanism, this link is fixed, but in a kinematic chain, if we fix a kinematic inversion holding cam.

Definition, Types, Working Principle and Application Written by Buxin Principle of Machinery In mechanical engineering, engineers often use a high pair link mechanism known as a cam and follower mechanism.

For the smooth operation of a cam-follower mechanism, it is imperative that the follower should move smoothly without requiring much input power, meaning the follower should not jam during its movement.

CamandfollowerDiagram

Cam follower bearings, also known as track followers, help handle high radial loads and extreme shock loads. They ensure smooth movement between the cam and the follower, reducing friction and wear.

If the cam has linear motion, we call it a wedge cam. Wedge cams have a four-link mechanism, the first being a fixed link, the second link being what looks like a cam wedge.

The cam rotates as before, but it is the follower due to the shape of the cam, the follower undergoes an oscillating motion, and the follower is hinged at this point. So, it is called an oscillatory follower.

A translating cam is a type of cam in which the cam can rotate in a horizontal plane. The follower is also attached, in which the motion is interrupted with the help of a spring. Sometimes groove cams are used in which follower motion is achieved without the use of a spring.

There are several types of cam and follower, including cylindrical and plate varieties, each serving specific applications. Without a cam follower, a cam would not be of much use, as the cams must make contact with the followers to transfer the rotary motion into linear motion.

CC: Related Articles - The core of electric vehicle drive units   - Electric vehicle radiator and cooling systems  - Inside Chrysler EHPS Systems The BCA Hub video series brings together the latest video tech tips on wheel hubs, bearings and seals, featuring the experts you trust. Brought to you by BCA Bearings by NTN. Learn more at bcabearings.com. The classic symptom of a bad wheel bearing is typically a cyclical chirping, squealing or growling noise that changes proportional to vehicle speed. The sound may disappear at some speeds, or occur only at certain speeds. The noise may get worse when turning, or it may disappear momentarily. So, it’s challenging to make a diagnosis based on noise alone. Components like tires, CB joints and brakes can mimic wheel bearing noise. This is why interviewing the customer, going for a test drive and performing a rigorous visual inspection are critical to resolving the customer complaint. Could the noise be in the tires? Tire noise is always proportional to vehicle speed. The noise generated by a tire can be caused by uneven tread patterns, tire construction and even wheel imbalance. This is typically due to missing tire rotations, or, in some rare cases, a shifted belt or a damaged construction. Visually inspect the tire and run your hands over the tire’s tread to detect uneven blocks or feathering of the inner or outer shoulders of the tire. Spin the wheel and look for excessive radial run out with your eye if possible. The tire and wheel assembly can have balance issues that can cause noise proportional to vehicle speed. If you see a wheel that is missing a wheel weight, it could a static or dynamic balance issue. Your best bet might be to use a balancer and see how bad the imbalance is. Also, on a balancer, you can measure rim run out. If the wheel assembly has a high spot as the area comes in contact with the road, it will produce a noise proportional to vehicle speed. What about the brakes? A caliper that is sticking, or a brake pad that is loose and dragging, may make a metallic scraping noise as it rubs against the brake rotor or dust shield. The frequency of the noise will also change proportional to vehicle speed, but will often go away or change when the brakes are lightly applied. Noise that occurs only when the driver is braking likely is a brake problem such as worn pads and not a bad wheel bearing. What about a CV joint? A popping or clicking noise when turning is a classic symptom of a bad outer CV joint. The noise will also increase as the steering angle is increased. Also, note the condition of a CV joint boot. If it is torn or leaking, the boot should be replaced regardless of the state of the joint. If the CV joint is noisy, it will need to be replaced. What about play in the bearing and flange? Raise the vehicle so the wheel is off the ground and then grab at the 12 and six o’clock positions and rock the tire back and forth. As a rule, you should not feel any play or looseness if the vehicle has a sealed wheel bearing cartridge or hubs with a sealed wheel bearing assembly. A little play is normal on older vehicles with serviceable wheel bearings, but a lot of play is not. Refer to the vehicles service specifications for the maximum amount of acceptable play. Wheel bearing play can be measured with a dial indicator by placing the dial indicator against the wheel flange and rocking it back-and-forth and in-and-out by hand. As a rule, you should see no more than five thousandths of an inch of run out if the bearings are good. What about the road surface? Bearing noise should never be intermittent, but the noise can change due to the harmonics and how the driver hears the road noise due to the road surface. This is why the customer interview is so important. Ask the customer: What does the noise sound like? When does the noise occur? What speed does the noise occur? And, does the noise change when breaking or turning? You should not interrupt the customer or try to diagnose the problem noise during the interview. Always take notes. If you just write on the repair order “Customer states they hear wheel bearing noise,” or “Check for wheel bearing noise,” you’re probably not going to get a proper diagnosis, and this will typically lead to an unhappy customer and an even unhappier technician. I’m Andrew Markel. Thank you very much. This video is sponsored by BCA Bearings by NTN.

We call this a radially translating follower when the follower axis passes through the center of the camshaft. If it has a slight offset, it means that the axis of translation of the follower does not pass through the cam center, then we call it to offset translation follower.

Cam followerfunction

The base circle is the smallest circle that can be drawn with the cam center as the center, which touches the cam profile. It is used to define the cam’s radial dimensions.

In the 3rd century, a device known as the cam was produced by Hellenistic water-powered automata. Also, that device was found in the 4th century al-Jazari design. The applications of cam and follower are diverse, with these mechanisms mostly used to drive valves in I.C. engines.

The cylindrical cam is a cam in which the cylinder is rotated about its axis, and circumferential contours are cut on the surfaces of the cylinder. They are also of two types. In the first type, a groove is cut on the surface of the cam and roller and has a positive oscillating motion.

A Cam follower is a component that is internally attached to a cam, playing a crucial role in the cam follower mechanism.

When designing a cam-follower system, translating follower is not jammed into its prismatic guide. The oscillating follower has very little chance of a restriction on its motion.

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Large Fn is necessary to overcome the frictional force, and the vertical component of Fn will overcome these two frictional forces and the spring force, while during the downward motion, the spring force is helping the followers to come down; hence the contact force Will be less.

If there is not enough room to use a larger roller because this pin must be sufficiently large to transmit force between the cam and the follower, and the roller must be at least twice as large as the pin, then the roller requires a lot of space.

It serves a general force X direction and serves as a common force Y direction and two normal force balancing Cocking moment, the moment due to the force Fn. The frictional force that would try to oppose this vertical motion would be μ times the normal force. N as normal force, then it will μN.

In the 3rd century, a device known as the cam was produced by Hellenistic water-powered automata. Also, that device was found in the 4th century al-Jazari design. The applications of cam and follower are diverse, with these mechanisms mostly used to drive valves in I.C. engines.

Cam is the link of revolution. There is a revolute pair between the fixed link and the cam, and the output link is the follower.

A tracepoint is a point on the follower, which describes the follower movement. For a roller follower, this is the center of the roller. So the tracepoint is the roller center, which means that the follower’s motion will be described in terms of the motions of this roller center.

Cams exist in many applications dishwashers, sprinklers, etc.—but the most famous example is the camshaft in a car. The goal of a cam is to convert rotary motion into linear motion.