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Shao, Yuchun, Zihan Xia, Yiqing Ding, Bob Crocker, Scott Saunders, Xue Bai, Anthony Peyton, Daniel Conniffe, and Wuliang Yin. 2024. "Eddy Current Sensor Array for Electromagnetic Sensing and Crack Reconstruction with High Lift-Off in Railway Tracks" Sensors 24, no. 13: 4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134216

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Abstract: A reliable and efficient rail track defect detection system is essential for maintaining rail track integrity and avoiding safety hazards and financial losses. Eddy current (EC) testing is a non-destructive technique that can be employed for this purpose. The trade-off between spatial resolution and lift-off should be carefully considered in practical applications to distinguish closely spaced cracks such as those caused by rolling contact fatigue (RCF). A multi-channel eddy current sensor array has been developed to detect defects on rails. Based on the sensor scanning data, defect reconstruction along the rails is achieved using an inverse algorithm that includes both direct and iterative approaches. In experimental evaluations, the EC system with the developed sensor is used to measure defects on a standard test piece of rail with a probe lift-off of 4–6 mm. The reconstruction results clearly reveal cracks at various depths and spacings on the test piece. Keywords: eddy current testing; electromagnetic induction; planar structure; theoretical calculation; measurement

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Shao Y, Xia Z, Ding Y, Crocker B, Saunders S, Bai X, Peyton A, Conniffe D, Yin W. Eddy Current Sensor Array for Electromagnetic Sensing and Crack Reconstruction with High Lift-Off in Railway Tracks. Sensors. 2024; 24(13):4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134216

Shao, Y., Xia, Z., Ding, Y., Crocker, B., Saunders, S., Bai, X., Peyton, A., Conniffe, D., & Yin, W. (2024). Eddy Current Sensor Array for Electromagnetic Sensing and Crack Reconstruction with High Lift-Off in Railway Tracks. Sensors, 24(13), 4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134216

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Dynamic, working, or lifting load is the force that will be applied to the linear actuator while it is in motion. Static load, also called the holding load, is the force that will be applied to the linear actuator when it is not in motion.

Shao, Y.; Xia, Z.; Ding, Y.; Crocker, B.; Saunders, S.; Bai, X.; Peyton, A.; Conniffe, D.; Yin, W. Eddy Current Sensor Array for Electromagnetic Sensing and Crack Reconstruction with High Lift-Off in Railway Tracks. Sensors 2024, 24, 4216. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24134216

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