Although this method isn’t the most accurate, it can occasionally prove useful. The more precise (and expensive) your infrared thermometer or thermal camera is, the better your results will be.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Application of plant tissue culture for plant scientists; study of the growth and development of plant tissues in culture as influenced by chemical and environmental factors, and the regeneration of plants following plant transformation by biolistics and other molecular approaches. Pre: 420 or consent. DB

Combined lecture/discussion regarding the ability of renewable energy technologies to meet local, national, and global energy demands and their potential impacts on the environment and society. Pre: consent.

Survey of the history of landscape architecture from Mesopotamia to present. Review of the physical, cultural, social, economic, and political factors, as well as the environmental concerns, horticultural techniques, and technological innovations of historic landscapes. A-F only. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as ARCH 352)

Field and analytical methods for exploring the origin, development, properties, and management of soils, with an emphasis on tropical and Hawaiian soils. A-F only. Pre: (CHEM 161 and CHEM 161L) with a minimum grade of C. Co-requisite: 304. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as NREM 304L)

Integration of form and function from cellular to whole plant levels in processes from seed germination, through photosynthesis, growth, and morphogenesis, to flowering and senescence. A-F only. Pre: BIOL 171 or consent.

Use a zip tie or baling wire to store the caliper away from the suspension. You can also tuck it away on the chassis, as shown here. Do not let the caliper hang ...

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Botanical aspects and horticultural management practices of selected tropical and subtropical fruit crops, with emphasis on small scale commercial production in Hawai‘i. Pre: 300 or consent.

Specialized topics from various areas of plant and soil research such as experimental techniques, growth regulation, morphogenesis, genetics and breeding, culture and nutrition of tropical crops. A-F only. Pre: consent.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Theoretical and applied aspects of seed and vegetative propagation technology involving fruits, flowers, vegetables, and landscape plants. Pre: 200/SUST 211 or consent.

On some vehicles, the hub and bearing are two separate parts. But in this article, we’ll focus on integrated wheel hub assemblies, which house both components together in a single unit.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Physio-chemical processes in soils and soil solutions, with emphasis on ionic equilibria, mineral stability, organic complexation, and surface sorption of major plant nutrients and heavy metals. A-F only. Pre: 435 and CHEM 351, or consent.

Provides knowledge and understanding of soils, agroecology, and sustainable approaches for plant health management, and prepares students for applied research in various tropical cropping systems. A-F only. (Alt. years: spring) (Cross-listed as PEPS 410 and SUST 410)

Undergraduate seminar that provides the presentation and discussion of topics of current relevance to students preparing for careers in applied plant sciences. Oral focus designation. A-F only. Pre: 200/ SUST 211 or NREM 210, or consent. (Cross-listed as NREM 311)

Schemes for managing sequences and combinations of crops and crop production activities. Ecosystem and social determinants. Multiple cropping. Analysis of alternative cropping systems. Repeatable unlimited times, but credit earned one time only. Junior standing or higher.

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Biological, chemical, and physical processes governing the cycling of nutrients in agroecosystems, crop and livestock production, and the effects on surrounding unmanaged ecosystems. Pre: (304 and CHEM 161) with a minimum grade of C-, or consent. (Cross-listed as NREM 460) DB

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Principles of modeling crop growth and development, model types, techniques, simulation. Modeling influence of climate/environment on phenology, growth, development of horticultural crops. Pre: 470 and NREM 310, or consent.

(3-hr Lec/Lab combination) Laboratory-type course for improving communication abilities in the sciences and engineering. Presentations to lay audiences are emphasized. Hands-on experience in techniques and methods is provided.

Overview and lab-based course exploring theory and methods to understand genome evolution and adaptation; focus will be on a range of organisms. Pre: (453 and 603) with a minimum grade of C-, or consent.

Basic online course integrates aquaculture (raising fish and prawns) with hydroponics plant cultivation in water. Includes the basic design and construction of an aquaponics feed system. Repeatable one time. (Summer only)

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Applications of molecular genetics to crop improvement. Pre: (453 and MBBE 402) with a minimum grade of C-, or consent.

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(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Adaptability and selection, establishment, and cultural practices of grasses for various types of turf. Pre: 200/SUST 211 or consent.

Principles and methods of agricultural accounting. Preparing and interpreting financial statements. Sources and costs of credit, capital budgeting, tax management, estate planning. Repeatable one time. A-F only. Pre: ECON 130 or NREM/SUST 220, or consent. (Cross-listed as NREM 341)

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Weed classification, identification, adaptations for weediness; principles of weed control; properties, uses, and action of herbicides. Lab: pesticide application equipment and techniques, no-till farming, greenhouse and field experiments. A-F only. Pre: (200/SUST 211 and CHEM 152) with a minimum grade of C, or consent. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as PEPS 481) DB

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Combined lecture/discussion on grants and grant writing. Designed to introduce graduate students to grants and grant proposal writing through lectures, class discussion, writing assignments, and peer review. Open to CTAHR graduate students only; others with consent. (Cross-listed as ANSC 657 and FSHN 657)

Introduction of practical concepts and methods used in business management. Introduce broad range of business strategies. Understand the critical role each strategy plays. Facilitate student’s practice of analytical and critical thinking through case studies. (Cross-listed as NREM 351)

Basic skills of landscape graphic communication through a creative process model. Learning free hand and technical drafting techniques to creative effective landscape graphics. Pre: consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as ARCH 353)

Labor costs are estimated between $257 and $324 while parts are priced between $480 and $557. This range does not include taxes and fees, and does not factor in ...

Designed for students to identify essential nutrients required by plants; diagnose nutrient disorders in plants; and propose environmentally sound solutions to correct disorders. Pre: 304/NREM 304 (or concurrent) and BIOL 172. (Cross-listed as NREM 475)

Our company produces sustainable, nature-friendly packaging products for various sectors, both printed and unprinted.

Biology and production of cut flowers, blooming potted plants, foliage plants under field and protected cultivation in Hawai‘i and globally. Pre: 300 or consent.

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Please note: This Catalog was prepared to provide information and does not constitute a contract. The University reserves the right to change or delete, supplement or otherwise amend at any time and without prior notice the information, requirements and policies contained in this Catalog.

Problems, agencies, functions, costs, prices, regulations affecting marketing: proposed improvements. Pre: ECON 130, NREM/SUST 220; or consent. (Alt. years)

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Design of experiments and variance analyses in biological and agricultural research. Pre: graduate standing or consent. Recommended: ZOOL 632. (Cross-listed as ANSC 603)

Designed for students interested in developing a critical framework for understanding different ways of measuring, visualizing, and interpreting the different goals humans have for agroecosystems. Repeatable one time. Pre: 200 or instructor consent. (Fall only)

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Classification, culture, cytogenetics, breeding of orchids. Pre: consent. Recommended: 200/SUST 211 and 402.

(2 Lec, 2 3-hr Lab) Soil-plant interactions, emphasis on characteristics of tropical soils and plants influencing nutrient uptake by plants. Diagnostic methods to identify nutrient deficiencies and element toxicity. Pre: 450 (with a minimum grade of C-) or consent. (Cross-listed as NREM 650)

Combined lecture/lab on the theory and practice of certified organic food production. Field visits to organic farms/markets included. Open to nonmajors. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as SUST 221)

Introduction to key concepts and theories in social sciences in relation to sustainability issues. (Cross-listed as SOC 230 and SUST 250)

CarParts.com offers a wide selection of wheel hubs that are sourced from only the most trusted manufacturers in the industry. With the help of our vehicle selector and search filters, you can easily browse through available parts that are compatible with your ride. If you’re itching to get back on the road, you’ll be pleased to know that CarParts.com also guarantees fast shipping. Order by 12 PM ET, and you can expect your new wheel hub to arrive in as fast as two business days.

Basic soil-water-plant relationships, irrigation water requirements, irrigation efficiencies, different methods of irrigation, planning, design and management of an irrigation system, fertigation and impact of irrigation on soil and water quality. Pre: NREM 203 (or equivalent) and NREM/TPSS 304 (or equivalent), or consent. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as NREM 463)

Examines the use of libraries and information technology for scholarly investigation in support of scientific research; provides experience utilizing and critically evaluating a variety of print and electronic sources in basic and applied sciences. Pre: consent. (Cross-listed as ANSC 652, FSHN 652, and NREM 652)

Note: The following is for informational purposes only. Consult the factory information for repair instructions and recommended safety procedures.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Management practices in production and operations of commercial nurseries in Hawai‘i. Pre: 200/SUST 211 and 364; or consent.

To use this formula, the load must be axial, the bar must have a uniform cross-sectional area, and the stress must not exceed the proportional limit.

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Comparisons and contrasts of crop management systems, techniques, and technologies in protected and open field production of tropical crops. Pre: 200/SUST 211 or consent.

Examines the nexus of food, energy, and water in Hawai‘i for sustainable development. Repeatable two times, up to nine credits. (Cross-listed as SUST 156)

Introduction to the identification, recognition, and use of plants in landscape design and built environment applications. Students will be introduced to a variety of landscape plants commonly used in Hawai‘i and the tropics. TPSS majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as ARCH 634)

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Bio-physical processes in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum that influence crop growth and development. Methods to estimate the impact of soil and climate on crop performance. Use of crop models to simulate effects of planting date, plant spacing and density, fertilizer rate, rainfall or irrigation, and daily weather on crop yield and farm income. Pre: 304 and either PHYS 151 or PHYS 170, or consent.

The application of geostatistics to estimate spatial dependence to improve soil and regional sampling; provide insight into underlying soil, geographic, and geologic process, and to provide quantitative scaling up of point measurements to fields, regions, and watersheds. State-space modeling also will be included. A-F only. Pre: GEO 388 or ZOOL 631; or consent. (Cross-listed as GEO 680)

The bearings inside the hub assembly could be worn, even if the hub doesn’t have any play. In such a situation, the bearings will become rough and cause a growling noise while the car is in motion. You can easily check for this condition. Here’s how it’s done:

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Crop biology, requirements, and production techniques for commercial vegetable production in Hawai‘i will be stressed. Pre: 300 or consent.

Some faulty wheel hub assemblies, but not all, will have noticeable play when rocked by hand. Use these steps to check your car:

There’s also a more sophisticated noise test that involves using an electronic stethoscope, such as the Steelman Chassis Ear. The tool has individual mics that are placed at each wheel. Driving the car while listening to the chassis ears can pinpoint a faulty hub assembly.

Introduces concepts of biotechnology, fundamental issues associated with use of this technology, with special emphasis on agricultural biotechnology. A-F only. Pre: 200/SUST 211 or BIOL 171 or NREM 210, or consent. (Alt. years)

You won’t see this method performed much in shops, but it does pop up in textbooks. This process involves a measurement tool called a dial indicator, which you can use to check the hub assembly for excessive movement. Perform the following steps to complete the test:

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Lecture/discussion targets students exiting from graduate degree programs and provides preparation as a career professional; topics include establishing a professional identity; CV and cover letters, job-seeking due diligence, and negotiation skills. Graduate students only. A-F only. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as MBBE 611 and PEPS 611)

Supervised individual instruction in field laboratory and library. Repeatable up to six credits. CR/NC only. Pre: 364 or consent.

A lot of other car problems can mimic a faulty wheel hub assembly. So, before you dive into any repairs, you’ll want to diagnose the problem thoroughly.

Origin, development, properties, management of tropical soils; classification of Hawaiian soils. A-F only. Minimum prerequisite grade of C or consent. Pre: (CHEM 161 and 161L) with a minimum grade of C, or consent. Co-requisite: 304L. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as NREM 304)

Don’t wait until your vehicle has steering issues before replacing your faulty wheel hub. Check out our catalog of high-quality wheel hubs at CarParts.com and order one today!

You may be able to hear a faulty hub assembly, even though you can’t feel it. Running the vehicle in the air while listening to the wheel bearing area can pinpoint the problem. Keep in mind, this only works on hub assemblies located at the drive wheels.

Understanding the science and art of green landscape technologies, with a comprehensive understanding of LID (low impact design) principles and practices; to increase knowledge to help produce more viable and enduring built landscapes. TPSS majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as ARCH 658)

(1 2-hr Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Mineral nutrition of plants in relation to plant metabolism, mechanisms of ion uptake, long-distance transport of solutes, and interactions at the root-soil interface. Special emphasis on problems associated with tropical crops. Pre: 450 and 470, or consent. (Alt. years)

Co-evolution of human societies and plants over the last 10,000 years. Foraging, farming and urban societies economies; spread and modification of selected plants; issues of preservation of genetic resources and traditional plant knowledge. The form and function of gardens. Pre: junior standing or higher, or consent.

Will introduce the diversity, ecology, evolution, and biology of the Kingdom Fungi. Focus on our current understanding of fungal evolution and diversity and how fungi interact with environments and hosts. Pre: (BOT 201, BIOL 172) with a minimum grade of C; or consent. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as BIOL 430 and BOT 430) DB

Integration and application of academic knowledge and critical skills emphasizing professional development. Placement with an approved cooperating supervisor/employer. Pre: consent.

Explores sustainability and resilience of food systems with an emphasis on Hawaiʻi, using interdisciplinary approaches to assess impacts. Repeatable one time. Pre: consent. (Alt. years: fall)

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Generally, there should be no more than .004″ of play [1]. For an exact specification, it’s a good idea to compare the reading to the information listed in the manufacturer’s repair manual. If the measurement you got is excessive, the hub assembly should be replaced.

Comparative physiological and biochemical processes during growth, maturation, ripening, and senescence in fruits, vegetables, and flowers related to changes in quality and storage life. Tropical commodities emphasized. A-F only. Pre: 200/SUST 211, BIOL 171, or BOT 201; CHEM 152; or consent.

Note: This test should only be performed on a professional hoist. Running a car on jack stands is extremely dangerous. If the car were to pop off the stands, it could run you over.

Study and discussion of significant topics, problems. Offered by visiting faculty and/or for extension programs. Repeatable. Pre: consent.

Contemporary literature is used as the basis for understanding the physiology for whole plant growth and development. Aspects covered include vegetative and reproductive development, seed dormancy, senescence, abscission, and relevant biochemical and molecular processes. Pre: 470 and MBBE 402, or consent.

(1 3-hr Lab) Principles of experimentation in plant physiology, includes individual investigations. A-F only. Pre: consent.

Fundamentals of genetic theory using traditional breeding and biotechnological procedures in insect and plant pathogen management for sustainable agricultural production. Repeatable one time. A-F only. (Cross-listed as PEPS 371 and SUST 371)

(3 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Study of biochemical and biogeochemical transformations mediated by soil microorganisms, emphasis on processes important to plant growth productivity and environmental quality. Pre: 304 and MICR 351, or consent.

Introduction to quantitative decision-making methods for effective agribusiness management in resource allocation, scheduling, logistics, risk analysis, inventory, and forecasting. Emphasis on problem identification, model formulation and solution, and interpretation and presentation of results. Pre: ECON 130 or NREM/ SUST 220, and ECON 321 or NREM 310; or consent. (Once a year)

Relationship of plants, soils, and the environment, and how they relate to cultural practices and society in agroecosystems with an emphasis on Hawai‘i as a model system. (Cross-listed as SUST 211)

Students will develop basic skills of residential landscape graphic and design processes in order to clearly articulate the ability to think, analyze, and extend a physical solution in the proper scale. Repeatable one time. A-F only. (Alt. years) (Cross-listed as ARCH 354)

The origins: social, cultural, and ceremonial traditions; culture; food and nutritional properties. Processing of a variety of tropical horticultural plants are presented, with tasting sessions and optional field trips. Topics will rotate among (B) beverage crops (e.g., coffee, tea, chocolate, kava, fruit juices); (C) herbs, spices, and flavoring (selection of examples to be determined); (D) tropical fruits (assortment offered depends on availability during semester); (E) ornamental plants (flowers, houseplants, popular landscape plans, bonsai, ethnic ornamentals). Does not count towards TPSS major. Pre: consent.

Exploring, understanding, and implementing Hawaiian and Western cultural and environmental landscape design principles. A concentrated look at how to think about creating and respecting a sense of place through landscape design. TPSS and LAND majors only. A-F only. (Cross-listed as ARCH 656)

(1 3-hr Lab) Introduction to the morphology and life cycles of organisms in the Kingdom Fungi. Focus on learning how to identify a diversity of fungi based on macro- and microscopic features. Field trips to collect specimens. Pre: (BOT 430 (or concurrent)) with a minimum grade of C. or consent. (Spring only) (Cross-listed as BIOL 430L and BOT 430L)

An interdisciplinary study of the diverse life in the soil beneath our feet that includes bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods, invertebrate, viruses, and the essential functional roles these organisms contribute to sustainability of the planet. Repeatable one time. Pre: TPSS/PEPS/SUST 371 or BIOL 375, or MICR 351, or consent. (Cross-listed as BIOL 480)

Study of soil chemical processes such as weathering, adsorption, precipitation, and ion exchange; causes of soil acidity, alkalinity, and salinity; reactions between soils and fertilizers, pesticides, or heavy metals. Management strategies to minimize environmental contamination by nitrate, phosphate, and trace elements such as As, Pb, and Se. A-F only. Pre: 304 or consent. (Fall only)

Any information provided on this Website is for informational purposes only and is not intended to replace consultation with a professional mechanic. The accuracy and timeliness of the information may change from the time of publication. Read our full disclaimer here.

Laboratory to accompany 480. Technical examination of bacteria, fungi, protists, nematodes, arthropods, and other invertebrate, and the essential functional roles these organisms contribute to sustainability of the planet. Repeatable one time. Pre: BIOL 171L and 172L, or MICR 351L, or consent. Co-requisite: 480. (Crosslisted as BIOL 480L)

Introduction to the scientific principles of sustainability, including the ecology of managed and natural ecosystems, global change biology, ecological principles of natural resource management, renewable energy technologies, and the environmental impacts of humans.

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(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Principles of seed science, seed physiology, seed production, and genetic modification. Hawai‘i’s seed industry and biotechnology. A-F only. Pre: 364 (recommended) and 420 (recommended), or consent.

Independent study for students working on a Plan B master’s project. A grade of Satisfactory (S) is assigned when the project is satisfactorily completed. A-F only. Pre: graduate standing in TPSS program.

If roughness is felt, the hub assembly may need to be replaced. To get an idea of how much “roughness” is too much, compare rotational resistance among multiple wheel/tire assemblies.

Introduction to the scientific principles of sustainability, including the ecology of managed and natural ecosystems, global change biology, ecological principles of natural resource management, renewable energy technologies, and the environmental impacts of humans. (Cross-listed as NREM 251 and SUST 251)

Introduces an essential component of the Land Grant Mission. Students will explore the foundational components of extension education including agent expectations, program development and evaluation, audience engagement, building partnerships, funding structures. Repeatable one time. Junior standing or higher. A-F only. (Cross-listed as TAHR 415)

There are several ways to inspect a wheel hub assembly. In many instances, a hub bearing will make noise without having any noticeable play. That’s why it’s important to have a variety of troubleshooting tactics at your disposal.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Unique aspects of plant genetics and applications to crop improvement, with emphasis on breeding plants in Hawai‘i. Pre: BIOL 375 (or concurrent) or consent.

Introduces an essential component of the Land Grant Mission. Students will explore the foundational components of extension education including agent expectations, program development and evaluation, audience engagement, building partnerships, funding structures. Repeatable one time. Junior standing or higher. A-F only. (Cross-listed as TPSS 415)

Provides students with knowledge and real world experience on common turfgrass pests and management strategies in Hawai‘i, with emphasis on integrated pest management. Common cool-season turfgrass and pest management are also discussed. A-F only. (Fall only) (Cross-listed as PEPS 418)

Mia Bevacqua has over 14 years of experience in the auto industry and holds a bachelor’s degree in Advanced Automotive Systems. Certifications include ASE Master Automobile Technician, Master Medium/Heavy Truck Technician, L1, L2, L3, and L4 Advanced Level Specialist. Mia loves fixer-upper oddballs, like her 1987 Cavalier Z-24 and 1998 Astro Van AWD.

Presentation of research reports; reviews of current literature in plant and soil sciences. Repeatable four times. Pre: graduate standing or consent.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Concepts and techniques of landscape installation and management in the tropics. Pre: 200/ SUST 211 and 369; or consent.

A faulty wheel hub is bad news for you and other people on the road. If your wheel hub is damaged or worn, you’re likely to experience steering issues. Your wheels might stop working while driving, increasing your risk of colliding with another vehicle. For your own safety, replace your faulty wheel hub as soon as possible. Luckily, getting a new wheel hub is fast and easy with CarParts.com.

(2 Lec, 1 3-hr Lab) Identification, origin, use, and cultural requirement of trees, shrubs, vines, and groundcovers used in Hawaiian landscapes. Pre: 200/SUST 211 or consent.

A good hub assembly should have close to zero lateral movement. If the wheel and tire assembly easily move back and forth, the hub is bad and must be replaced.

Another method is to put your hand on the suspension coil spring while rotating the wheel/tire assembly. Extreme vibration felt through the coil indicates a bad hub assembly.