The inner ring is considered the rotating element of the bearing. Compared to the outer ring, the inner ring is smaller in diameter. As previously mentioned, some types of needle roller bearings do not have an inner ring.

Inspect the shaft where the seal will ride. Light imperfections in the finish can be polished with crocus cloth or emery cloth. If more substantial defects like deep scratches, pitting, or scoring are present you may have to remedy with a new shaft or install a Speedi Sleeve. If the shaft is blemish free, clean it well to remove any residual grit.

Depending on the type of needle bearing, there are essentially four major components to a needle bearing: the raceway, the inner ring, the cage, and the rollers. The needle rollers are placed inside the cage and then the cage is assembled and integrated with the outer ring and inner ring.

Needle rollerssizes

However, the lifespan of a needle bearing (number of rotations) depends largely upon the quality of the bearing (e.g. the quality of steel and manufacturing process), how well-maintained it is, the operating conditions, and its load rate.

While needle bearings are largely used within the automotive industry, there are many other applications for these universal parts. Needle roller bearings are used in heavy-duty residential and commercial equipment and machinery, while also being employed in the aerospace, defense, and medical markets. They are most often found in engines, steering systems, torque converters, and even domestic appliances.

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A needle roller bearing is one type of roller bearing that features thin “needle” rollers. As mentioned earlier, they are small, rigid, and durable. They also have a small coefficient of friction, which allows them to easily transfer motion on rotating surfaces.

Needle roller bearings are capable of withstanding high axial and radial loads and have a diameter of 1.5 millimeters to 12 millimeters, and a length of four millimeters to 100 millimeters. Additionally, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has their own set of standards for rollers.

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Universal Bearings has long been recognized as a market leader and innovator capable of designing and manufacturing a wide range of customized needle roller bearings. Whether we’re working from customer-provided schematics, or helping you design a bearing based on your application and specific operating conditions, we’re ready to help.

Looseneedle rollers

In some installations the garter spring can pop off during the process. To avoid this simply apply the backside of the seal with grease (or Vaseline in a pinch) to encourage the spring to stay in place.

In general, there is no universally accepted answer to this question. In the automotive sector, needle bearings have been known to last upwards of 12 years or more in engines (when the right lubrication is used and proper maintenance is followed).

The bearing cage, often called a separator, guides and holds all of the rollers in place (and apart from one another). The separation of the rollers is essential to ensure even load distribution. A cage can also help reduce any noises and sliding. While most needle bearings have cages, some drawn cup needle bearings may not have them.

Check that the axle vents are free and clear of any gritty buildup. Clogged vents can lead to excessive housing pressure that may speed the wear of the seal and encourage oil blowby around the seal.

Both the inner and outer rings are typically made from an alloy steel, and then heat-treated to improve the hardness, load capacity, and life of the bearing.

In this complete guide, we’ll cover the components of a needle roller bearing, as well as its benefits and industry applications.

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Drawn cupneedleroller bearings

It is wise to use a sealant like an RVT, on the outside diameter of the seal shell to ensure no fluid will be able to seep around the seal once it’s installed. Note that many seals are made with a coating on their outside diameter to assist in this.

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Needle bearings are small, lightweight bearings that are capable of withstanding heavy load capacities. They can often be found in many automotive and aerospace components, from rocker arm pivots to compressors.

Needlebearing

When sliding seal over the shaft be sure to protect the lip or leading edge. This can be achieved with special sleeves over splines, using guide plates, or simply using smooth tape… or being very careful. An extension screwed onto the stud of an axle shaft, for example, can provide the control and support needed to complete the installation without having to rest on the shaft.

Depending on the industry and application, rollers could be made from a wide array of medium- to high-carbon alloy steel and stainless steel, including:

Needle rollersmanufacturers

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Now that you know more about rollers, let’s talk about other important components of a needle bearing: the inner and outer rings.

Rollers have excellent rigidity and are generally rated at a minimum of HRC 58 (Rockwell C Scale). In this scale, the higher the number, the harder the steel. However, a higher number doesn’t necessarily mean better. Hardness typically just refers to the steel’s resistance to penetration and deformation. How hard the steel needs to be depends on the application. At Universal Bearings, we typically harden and temper our loose rollers to HRC 60 to 64 depending on the application.

Needle rollersautomotive

There are many different types of axle seals. For our purposes we will be referring to the popular dynamic radial seal. These seals typically feature a mild carbon steel shell. In cases where corrosion is a concern the shell can be formed from stainless steel. In most cases, the seal will be outfitted with a garter spring to keep the seal lip tight against the rotating seal surface. Garter springs are made of spring steel wire and in some cases stainless steel and can be locked into place or merely wedged in place so special attention should be paid to ensure proper seating during installation. The inside of the seal is called the lip and it is typically made of some type of rubberized material. The lip can look different from one seal to another with some featuring a stepped design or more than one lip. The shell has a bore seal bumper on its oil side that is made from a softer material to provide a pliable seal.

Be deliberate and ensure you drive the seal in place squarely. Don’t allow the seal to go in the bore crooked and possibly damage the seal and/or the seal bore. Keep the seal square and install it until it’s flush with the housing or against its stop. It would be wise to note the position of the original seal prior to its removal.

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The two main types of needle roller bearings are those without inner rings and those with inner rings. Additionally, there are several classifications of needle roller bearings: radial and thrust. The classification is based on the direction of the load that the bearing is supporting. There are also needle bearings that are specific to certain applications, including roller followers and cam followers.

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These tips, compiled from Randy Lyman’s book, “Differentials Identification, Restoration & Repair”, provide both the technical information and the proper frame of mind to ensure a trouble-free seal install. Happy wrenching.

As with many automotive operations, the complexity of a task is not always representative of its importance. Take axle seal installation… a pretty straightforward affair but get it wrong and your diff is doomed. The seal will leak and ultimately lead to gear failure. To avoid this scenario, we have compiled 10 installation tips that will ensure you do the job right.

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A loose needle roller is the load-carrying component and rolling element of the bearing. They can be found in all types of needle bearings, regardless of their size or type. While they have a low coefficient of friction, they do benefit from high transmission efficiency, which means they generate lower heat during operation. This, in turn, means they require less lubrication (oil or grease) and are typically easy to maintain.

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Loose needle rollers come in multiple sizes and are heat-treated, which increases hardness and strength while extending service life. Additionally, they can appear in single or double-row bearings. While they’re largely used in needle bearings, they can also be used as locating pins.

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