These passivation benefits are universal in a wide range of industries across numerous applications which rely on the non-corrosive properties of stainless steel, including:

Stainless steel passivatedmeaning

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Passivation is a non-electrolytic finishing process used to improve the corrosion and rust resistance of stainless steel components after manufacturing. The composition of stainless steel includes iron, chromium and an assortment of other non-ferrous metals, depending on the specific alloy.

Passivation ofstainless steelpdf

Passivation process

Regardless of the applied approach, this dipping or bathing process produces a chemical reaction on the surfaces of the component, adding a thin layer of oxide film with little-to-no iron molecule presence, restoring the metal’s corrosion resistance to its raw material state.

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The passivation of stainless steel begins with a thorough cleaning of the component, removing any surface oils, chemicals, or debris left over from machining. Without this step of the process, foreign objects on the surface of the stainless steel will limit the effectiveness of passivation.

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How to passivatestainless steelat home

With some specific alloys, the addition of sodium dichromate to nitric acid enhances or speeds up the passivation process. Sodium dichromate intensifies the hazards of nitric acid bathing, so it is a less common option.

Passivation ofsteel

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Stainless steel alloys typically begin with good levels of corrosion resistance, the level of which varies depending upon their molecular makeup. To further improve this resistance, there are three steps involved in passivation:

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Passivation of carbonsteel

Corrosion resistance is critical for metal used in a variety of applications where contamination may have a destructive impact during production or during a product’s end use. Though raw stainless steel begins with a high level of corrosion resistance, surface contamination from grease and oil, debris, and chemicals are usually present on parts and components after machining. The passivation process clears away these contaminants with the goal of enhancing the corrosion resistance of metal components.

Testing after the passivation process provides verification of the effectiveness of the passivation process and certifies compliance with ASTM, Mil-Spec, and other various industry standards.

A safer alternative to nitric acid passivation uses citric acid. Citric acid does not require special handling, does not emit any toxic gases, and is an environmentally friendly option. Citric acid passivation was struggled to gain popularity because its compounds risked organic growth and molds, but innovations in recent years have eliminated these problems, making it a cost-effective and eco-friendly alternative.

When is passivation ofstainless steelrequired

Rust and other types of corrosion on stainless steel surfaces can produce destructive results over time. The passivation process removes the threat of corrosive contamination by restoring the resistive properties of machined components to the raw material state of their specific alloy.

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Passivation chemicals forstainless steel

Rust requires the presence of iron, so the removal of iron molecules from the metal’s surface through the passivation process creates a preponderance of chromium molecules, which are naturally inert. This majority presence of chromium molecules creates a thick, non-relative, and passive surface on which rust cannot easily form.

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Nitric acid is the traditional approach to passivation, producing the most effective molecular redistribution of the molecular structure of the metal’s surface. However, nitric acid has some drawbacks due to its classification as a hazardous material. It not only requires special handling, but it emits toxic gases, is hazardous to the environment, and can require longer processing time.

Immersion of the component in an acid bath follows cleaning in order to remove any free iron particles from its surface. There are three common approaches used in this step of the process.