Simple mounting of the bearing sets in the mounting position is achieved by precise matching of the intermediate ring to the required geometric axial internal clearance. As a result, ready-to-fit, matched bearing sets are made available by Schaeffler. This offers high economical and technical advantages such as:

For high continuous temperatures and applications with difficult operating conditions, bearings with sheet steel cages should be used. If there is any uncertainty regarding cage suitability, please consult Schaeffler.

When using bearings with plastic cages, compatibility between the lubricant and the cage material must be ensured if synthetic oils, lubricating greases with a synthetic oil base or lubricants containing a high proportion of EP additives are used.

In conclusion, these advantages improve the overall cost-efficiency of the bearing position significantly and thus bring about a sustainable increase in the efficiency of the machine and equipment.

Matched tapered roller bearings support higher radial forces than single row tapered roller bearings. In X and O arrangements, axial forces and moment loads are supported in both directions. The tandem arrangement can only support axial forces in one direction.

The main dimensions of bearings in metric sizes correspond to ISO 355:2007 and DIN 720:2008. Bearings in metric sizes with the prefix KJ correspond to ANSI/ABMA 19.1:2011.

Single row tapered roller bearings fitted in pairs in an O arrangement support high axial loads in both directions and high radial loads ➤ Figure.

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In addition to the basic rating life L (L10h), it is also always necessary to check the static load safety factor S0 ➤ Equation.

Of central interest to Schaeffler is the further development and optimisation of its products and the satisfaction of its customers. In order that you, as the customer, can keep yourself optimally informed about the progress that is being made here and with regard to the current technical status of the products, we publish any product changes which differ from the printed version in our electronic product catalogue.

Special tapered roller bearings are available for applications where tapered roller bearing arrangements are used under very difficult operating conditions, for example at high operating temperatures or with heavily contaminated lubricating oil. In such cases, please consult Schaeffler. Suffixes for special designs ➤ Table.

Matched bearing pairs in an O or X arrangement provide an economical solution to various bearing arrangement problems due, for example, to:

Tolerance symbols ➤ TableU = upper limit deviationL = lower limit deviationtSia = axial runout to Schaeffler standard ➤ Figure

As a tight fit alone is not normally sufficient to also locate the bearing rings securely on the shaft and in the housing bore in an axial direction, this must usually be achieved by means of an additional axial location or retention method. The axial location of the bearing rings must be matched to the type of bearing arrangement. Shaft and housing shoulders, housing covers, nuts, spacer rings and retaining rings etc., are fundamentally suitable ➤ Figure.

Using ➤ Equation, calculate the ratio between the axial force Fa and radial force Fr of bearing A and compare this with the limit value e in accordance with the product table (in this instance e = 0,37).

Tapered roller bearings are individual, single row bearings of open design which, for technical reasons, are always adjusted against a second tapered roller bearing in a mirror image arrangement ➤ Figure. The bearings are designed such that they reliably cover the extensive demands in relation to generally common requirements. For example, in order to improve the lubricant film formation and running characteristics, the sliding surfaces on the guidance rib of the inner ring, as well as the end faces and contact profile of the rollers, have been optimised ➤ link. In addition, the high production accuracy allows the bearings to be adjusted against each other with high functional security. This in turn leads to improved operating characteristics and thus to a higher operational reliability. Tapered roller bearings are not self-retaining. As a result, the inner ring with the roller and cage assembly can be mounted separately from the outer ring. This gives simplified mounting of the bearings.

Tolerance symbols ➤ TableU = upper limit deviationL = lower limit deviationtSia = axial runout to Schaeffler standard ➤ Figure

If the load ratio P/C0r ≦ 0,2, the tilting of the bearing rings relative to each other must not exceed 4 angular minutes. This is, however, subject to the position of the shaft and housing axis remaining constant (no dynamic movements).

The resulting radial forces FrA and FrB on the bearings must be determined from the external radial force Kr and the tangential force Kt by the solution of the equilibrium of moments and forces on the shaft. Result:

Integral tapered roller bearings are supplied already greased with a quality grease to DIN 51825. The grease filling is measured such that these bearings are maintenance-free during their operating lives in most applications.

In order that the rollers can be positioned correctly, the shaft or housing must be rotated several times in both directions when adjusting the bearings.

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In addition to the data in this chapter, the following chapters in Technical principles must also be observed in the design of bearing arrangements:

Bearing A is subjected to a radial load FrA, bearing B to a radial load FrB ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. FrA and FrB act at the central pressure points of the bearings and are always regarded as positive. The bearings are clearance-free, but without preload.

Two tapered roller bearings matched in an O arrangement, with an intermediate ring between the outer rings and the inner rings, axial internal clearance between .. and .. in μm

Rolling bearings are well-proven precision machine elements for the design of economical and reliable bearing arrangements, which offer high operational security. In order that these products can function correctly and achieve the envisaged operating life without detrimental effect, they must be handled with care.

In order that no slippage occurs between the contact partners, the tapered roller bearings must be constantly subjected to a sufficiently high load. Based on experience, a minimum radial load of the order of P ＞ C0r/60 is thus necessary. In most cases, however, the radial load is already higher than the requisite minimum load due to the weight of the supported parts and the external forces.

Resulting axial force ➤ Table.The information in the section “Calculation of internal resulting axial force Fa for single bearings” must be taken into consideration when calculating Fa ➤ link

Fatigue running time in Weibull diagram – comparison of X-life tapered roller bearings with bearings without X-life performance

Tapered roller bearings are also available by agreement with restricted tolerances to tolerance class 5 in accordance with ISO 492:2014; inner ring tolerances ➤ Table, outer ring tolerances ➤ Table, width tolerances ➤ Table.

Single row and matched tapered roller bearings are not sealed, i. e. sealing of the bearing position must be carried out in the adjacent construction. This must reliably prevent:

For bearing sets in an X arrangement, the contact lines converge relative to the bearing axis ➤ Figure. Axial forces occur from both directions, but are always only supported by one bearing. The X arrangement is of simple design and the most frequently used arrangement of matched tapered roller bearings fitted in pairs.

For bearing sets in a tandem arrangement, the contact lines run parallel to each other. In contrast to an X and O arrangement, the tandem arran­gement can only support axial force in one direction. This bearing pair is usually adjusted against another tapered roller bearing, which supports axial forces in the opposite direction.

Matched tapered roller bearings do not need to be adjusted ➤ section. The desired operating clearance or required preload is already set at the manufacturing plant.

We therefore reserve the right to make changes to the data and illus­trations in this catalogue. This catalogue reflects the status at the time of printing. More recent publications released by us (as printed or digital media) will automatically precede this catalogue if they involve the same subject. Therefore, please always use our electronic product catalogue to check whether more up-to-date information or modification notices exist for your desired product.

The limiting dimensions for the chamfer dimensions of metric tapered roller bearings to DIN/ISO correspond to ISO 582:1995. Overview and limiting values for metric tapered roller bearings to DIN/ISO ➤ link.

The precise axial internal clearance is not achieved by adjusting the bearings, but is set automatically when the recommended bearing seat tolerances are observed. As a result, there is no need to adjust the bearings against each other in the manner normally required. When integral tapered roller bearings are mounted in pairs, a slot is formed on the outer ring for the retaining ring (snap ring BR). Schaeffler integral tapered roller bearings are interchangeable with each other.

The Schaeffler Noise Index (SGI) has been developed as a new feature for comparing the noise level of different bearing types and series. As a result, a noise evaluation of rolling bearings can now be carried out for the first time.

Tapered roller bearings are available in an extensive range of single row and multi-row designs. X-life is the new performance standard for tapered roller bearings and stands for eXtended life ➤ link. The key designs based on single row tapered roller bearings are:

The angle of these axial radial bearings allows the axial load and the radial load to be distributed more evenly along the axial angular contact ball bearing.

The SGI value is based on the maximum permissible noise level of a bearing in accordance with internal standards, which is calculated on the basis of ISO 15242. In order that different bearing types and series can be compared, the SGI value is plotted against the basic static load rating C0.

The modified line contact between the tapered rollers and the raceways ensures optimum stress distribution at the contact points and prevents stress increases at the edges. As a result, the bearings can tolerate certain angular misalignments and give better support of moment loads ➤ Figure.

Minimum chamfer dimensions rmin for bearings in inch sizes correspond to ANSI/ABMA 19.2:2013. The values are given in the product tables ➤ link.

Due to the dimensional and geometrical accuracy of the tapered rollers, the rolling elements in a roller set are subjected to virtually the same proportion of load in the load range. In operation, this leads to low-noise and low-vibration running, as well as a high adjustment accuracy.

For bearing sets in an O arrangement, the contact lines diverge relative to the bearing axis ➤ Figure. Axial forces occur from both directions, but are always only supported by one bearing. The support base is at its largest in the O arrangement, which is beneficial if the component with small bearing spacing must be guided with the smallest possible tilting clearance, or tilting forces must be supported. Bearing arrangements in an O arrangement are relatively rigid and can also support loads resulting from tilting moments.

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Two tapered roller bearings matched in an X arrangement,with an intermediate ring between the outer rings. Axial internal clearance between .. and .. in μm

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Using ➤ Equation, calculate the internal resulting axial force Fa for bearing A. The calculations are in accordance with ➤ Table, case 2.

In the open bearings, the cages project laterally to a certain extent. In order to prevent the cages from grazing the adjacent construction, the lateral minimum distances Ca and Cb in the product tables must be taken into consideration in the design of the adjacent construction ➤ link.

The basic rating life equation L = (Cr/P)p used in the dimensioning of radial bearings under dynamic load assumes a radial load P of constant magnitude. If the bearing is subjected to purely radial load, the radial load Fr is used directly in the rating life equation for P (P = Fr).

For bearings with a different tolerance accuracy, such as ANSI/ABMA 19.2:2013 for example, the tolerance class must be shifted in accordance with the fit.

The accuracy of the cylindrical bearing seat on the shaft and in the housing should correspond to the accuracy of the bearing used. For single row tapered roller bearings with the tolerance class Normal or 6X, the shaft seat should correspond to a minimum of standard tolerance grade IT6 and the housing seat to a minimum of IT7; with tolerance class 5, the shaft seat should correspond to a minimum of IT5 and the housing seat to a minimum of IT6. Guide values for the geometrical and positional tolerances of bearing seating surfaces ➤ Table, tolerances t1 to t3 in accordance with ➤ Figure. Numerical values for IT grades ➤ Table.

Single row tapered roller bearing,metric, to ANSI/ABMA 19.1:2011; inch sizes, to ANSI/ABMA 19.2:2013: designation structure

Due to their special technical features, X-life tapered roller bearings are highly suitable for bearing arrangements in:

Tapered roller bearings are part of the group of radial roller bearings. In contrast to the ball, the roller has a larger contact area perpendicular to the roller axis. As a result, it can transmit higher forces, has greater rigidity and allows smaller rolling elements under the same load. The single row and multi-row bearings comprise a ribless outer ring, an inner ring with two ribs of different heights and a cage ➤ Figure, ➤ Figure. The cage contains truncated conical rollers. The roller and cage assembly together with the inner ring forms a unit. The low rib retains, in conjunction with the cage, the rollers on the inner ring raceway; the high rib supports the axial force component arising from the tapered form of the rollers. While the tapered rollers roll on the raceways, they slide on the higher rib of the inner ring. The projected lines of contact of the tapered rollers intersect the projected raceways of the inner and outer ring at a point on the bearing axis ➤ Figure. As a result of this geometrical characteristic, tapered roller bearings are highly suitable for supporting combined loads. This also prevents any kinematic forced slippage at the rolling contact.

Tapered roller bearings are also available in many other designs and sizes, as well as for specific applications, by agreement. For general availability, please contact Schaeffler. An upgrade to X-life performance is available. X-life bearings TPI 241. Matched tapered roller bearings TPI 245. Integral tapered roller bearings TPI 151. Larger catalogue bearings and other bearing designs GL 1.

The designation of bearings follows a set model. Examples ➤ Figure to ➤ Figure. For the formation of designations see DIN 623-1:1993 ➤ link, DIN 720:2008 ➤ link, ISO 10317:2008, ISO 355:2007 ➤ link, ANSI/ABMA 19.1:2011 and ANSI/ABMA 19.2:2013.

The mounting dimensions of the shaft and housing shoulders, and spacer rings etc., must ensure that the contact surfaces for the bearing rings are of sufficient height. However, they must also reliably prevent rotating parts of the bearing from grazing stationary parts. Proven mounting dimensions for the radii and diameters of the abutment shoulders are defined in accordance with DIN 5418 ➤ link. These dimensions are limiting dimensions (maximum or minimum dimensions); the actual values should not be higher or lower than specified.

If shock type loads occur, tight fits (transition fit or interference fit) are required to prevent the rings from coming loose at any point. Clearance, transition or interference fits ➤ link.

Load carrying capacity and speed comparison – single row tapered roller bearings/single row angular contact ball bearings

The correct adjustment of the bearings has a considerable influence on the function and operational reliability of the bearing arrangement. If the clearance is too large, the load carrying capacity of the bearings will not be fully utilised; if the preload is too high, the increased friction losses will give rise to higher operating temperatures, which will, in turn, have a negative effect on the rating life of the bearings.

If the load carrying capacity of a bearing is not sufficient or the shaft is to be guided in both directions with a specific axial clearance, then ready-to‑fit, matched bearing sets are available. Matched tapered roller bearings are essentially available in three arrangements comprising an X, O and tandem arrangement.

Resulting axial force ➤ Table.The information in the section “Calculation of internal resulting axial force Fa for single bearings” must be taken into consideration when calculating Fa ➤ link

This permits direct comparisons between bearings with the same load carrying capacity. The upper limit value is given in each of the diagrams. This means that the average noise level of the bearings is lower than illustrated in the diagram.

All tapered roller bearings to DIN 720, ISO 355 and integral tapered roller bearings have the tolerance class Normal to ISO 492:2014. In contrast to the standard, X-life bearings achieve improved radial runout values tKia and tKea, in addition to dedicated axial runout values tSia ➤ Figure. Inner ring tolerances ➤ Table, outer ring tolerances ➤ Table, width tolerances ➤ Table. This excludes bearings of series 320, 329, 330, 331, 332 where d ≦ 200 mm: These have the tolerance class 6X ➤ link. The width tolerances tΔTs of the T7FC series with the suffix XL correspond to the tolerance class 6X in accordance with ISO 492:2014 ➤ link.

Aged oil and additives in the oil can impair the operating life of plastics at high temperatures. As a result, stipulated oil change intervals must be strictly observed.

The roughness of the bearing seats must be matched to the tolerance class of the bearings. The mean roughness value Ra must not be too high, in order to maintain the interference loss within limits. The shafts must be ground, while the bores must be precision turned. Guide values as a function of the IT grade of bearing seating surfaces ➤ Table.

For matched bearing pairs, the limiting speeds nG given in the product tables are permissible if the less favourable thermal balance of the bearing pair is taken into consideration in the operating conditions.

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The mounting and dismounting options for tapered roller bearings, by thermal, hydraulic or mechanical methods, must be taken into consideration in the design of the bearing position.

The product tables ➤ link, contain only a few examples of matched tapered roller bearing sets in an X arrangement for reference purposes. Other matched tapered roller bearing sets are available in an X arrangement by agreement.

If single row tapered roller bearings are mounted in a tandem arrangement, it must be ensured that the end faces of the outer rings in contact with each other have sufficient overlap. In case of doubt, please consult Schaeffler.

Single row tapered roller bearings are available in numerous series and dimensions as X-life bearings. These bearings exhibit considerably higher performance than comparable tapered roller bearings without X-life characteristics ➤ Figure. This is achieved, in part, by superior ring materials and optimised contact geometry between roller and raceway, as well as between roller and rib. In combination with an increased surface quality, this leads to improved lubricant film formation.

In order to simplify the ordering process, the ordering designation is modified for matched tapered roller bearings fitted in pairs:

Single row tapered roller bearings can support axial loads in one direction and high radial loads ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. However, they must always be axially adjusted against a second bearing fitted in a mirror image arrangement. This bearing combination is then fitted in an O or X arrangement.

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Since this is an adjusted bearing arrangement with two single bearings, the internal resulting axial force Fa in the bearing system must be taken into consideration in the bearing calculation in accordance with ➤ Table. For both tapered roller bearings YA = YB = 1,6. Loads ➤ Figure. Tapered roller bearing 32206-XL is envisaged for bearing A.

If this condition is not met, a constant radial force must first be determined for the rating life calculation that (in relation to the rating life) represents an equivalent load. This force is known as the equivalent dynamic load P.

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In addition to supporting the rings adequately, the bearings must also be securely located in a radial direction, to prevent creep of the bearing rings on the mating parts under load. This is generally achieved by means of tight fits between the bearing rings and the mating parts. If the rings are not secured adequately or correctly, this can cause severe damage to the bearings and adjacent machine parts. Influencing factors, such as the conditions of rotation, magnitude of the load, internal clearance, temperature conditions, design of the mating parts and the mounting and dismounting options must be taken into consideration in the selection of fits.

Resulting axial force.The information in the section “Calculation of internal resulting axial force Fa for single bearings” must be taken into consideration when calculating Fa ➤ link

The thermal speed rating nϑr is not an application-oriented speed limit, but is a calculated ancillary value for determining the thermally safe operating speed nϑ ➤ link.

As a result, the axial force Fa of bearing A (FaA) must be taken into consideration within the equivalent bearing load PA of bearing A ➤ Equation and thus ➤ Equation applies.

Due to their internal construction, single row tapered roller bearings cannot be mounted alone, but must always be used together with a second bearing or as a bearing set ➤ Figure. In bearing arrangements with two individual single row bearings, these must be adjusted against each other until the requisite preload or desired clearance is achieved ➤ Figure. The preload is only achieved once the bearings have been fitted and is dependent on the adjustment against the second bearing.

The stated equations for determining the axial load correspond to an approximation carried out under the assumption of a load zone of 180° in bearings under radial load. For a more precise calculation, the use of BEARINX or BEARINX-online is recommended.

The tolerance for the total width 2T of matched bearing sets of design DF is determined from the axial internal clearance and the deviations of the width tΔTs of the single bearings. The tolerance for the total width 2B is determined from the inner ring width tΔBs of the single bearings ➤ Table.

Tapered roller bearings with the prefix K are manufactured as standard to the following tables. The values in the tables meet the requirements for normal tolerances in accordance with ANSI/ABMA 19.2:2013 and, in some cases, exceed these by a considerable margin. Exception: bearings with the prefix KJ correspond to ISO 492:2014. The bore and outside diameters of bearings in inch sizes have plus tolerances; inner ring tolerances ➤ Table, outer ring tolerances ➤ Table, width tolerances ➤ Table.

For bearings with contact seals, no speed ratings are defined in accordance with DIN ISO 15312:2004. As a result, only the limiting speed nG is given in the product tables for these bearings.

The Schaeffler Mounting Handbook MH 1 gives comprehensive information about the correct storage, mounting, dismounting and maintenance of rotary rolling bearings http://www.schaeffler.de/std/1B68. It also provides information which should be observed by the designer, in relation to the mounting, dismounting and maintenance of bearings, in the original design of the bearing position. This book is available from Schaeffler on request.

Integral tapered roller bearings are not separable. In the mounting of such bearings, the mounting forces must always be applied to the bearing ring with a tight fit.

The axial load carrying capacity of the bearings is dependent on the nominal contact angle α ➤ Figure. The greater this angle, the higher the axial load to which the bearing can be subjected. The size of the contact angle – and thus the load carrying capacity of the bearing – is indicated by the value e in the product tables ➤ link. The nominal contact angle α in most bearing series is between 10° and 20°. In special series, α is approximately 28° to 30°. Bearings of series 313, 323..-B, T5ED and T7FC have a very high axial load carrying capacity due to their particularly large contact angle.

Two single row tapered roller bearings are used for the bearing arrangement of a pinion shaft ➤ Figure. The bearing arrangement should be adjusted and in an O arrangement. In order to calculate the basic rating life of bearing A, the equivalent dynamic bearing load PA must be determined.

Integral tapered roller bearings are ready-to-fit bearing units, which are greased, sealed on one side and predominantly mounted in pairs in an O arrangement ➤ Figure. The bearings are not separable.

For matched bearing pairs of design DF, the basic load ratings and fatigue limit loads are given in the dimension tables ➤ link.

Bearings 320, 329, 330, 331, 332 for d ≦ 200 mm and bearings with the prefix KJ have dimensional and running tolerances to the tolerance class Normal, but have restricted width tolerances to tolerance class 6X in accordance with ISO 492:2014 ➤ Table; inner ring tolerances ➤ Table, outer ring tolerances ➤ Table.

The Schaeffler Noise Index is an additional performance characteristic in the selection of bearings for noise-sensitive applications. The specific suitability of a bearing for an application in terms of installation space, load carrying capacity or speed limit for example, must be checked independently of this.

The limiting speed nG is the kinematically permissible speed of the bearing. Even under favourable mounting and operating conditions, this value should not be exceeded without prior consultation with Schaeffler ➤ link.

The following information provided in Technical principles must be taken into consideration in the design of bearing arrangements:

When ordering, please always state the number of individual bearings and not the number of bearing pairs. The snap ring must be ordered separately, for example:

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Minimum chamfer dimensions for metric tapered roller bearings to ANSI/ABMA with the prefix KJ correspond to ANSI/ABMA 19.1:2011. The values are given in the product tables.

Single row tapered roller bearings transmit radial forces from one raceway to the other oblique to the bearing axis. In the case of a shaft supported by two single row tapered roller bearings of identical or different size, the radial load on bearing A leads, due to the inclination of the raceways (α0 ≠ 0°), to an axial load on bearing B. The radial load on bearing B also has the effect of an axial load on bearing A; external forces in bearing systems of this type ➤ Figure and ➤ Figure. This internal resulting axial force Fa must be taken into consideration in the calculation of the equivalent dynamic bearing load P.

If two bearings of the same size and design are fitted immediately adjacent to each other in an O or X arrangement, the basic dynamic load rating Cr, the basic static load rating C0r and the fatigue limit load Cur of the bearing pair are as follows: